【ROOT from CERN】——TCanvas绘制画布

ROOT使用TCanvas类来绘制画布，在平常的使用中，如果在绘制TGraph，TFunction，THistogram是不调用该类，则ROOT自动初始化一个默认的TCanvas。但是如果想要将多张图绘制到一张画布上，就需要自己初始化画布。本篇介绍TCanvas的基本用法。

一、继承关系-Inheritance

如图所示。TCanvas继承自TPad。

  二、构造函数-Constructor

 第一类构造函数，常用。

TCanvas::TCanvas 	( 	const char *  	name,
		                const char *  	title,
		                Int_t  	ww,
		                Int_t  	wh 
	                ) 	

第二类构造函数，常用。

TCanvas::TCanvas 	( 	const char *  	name,
		                const char *  	title,
		                Int_t  	wtopx,
		                Int_t  	wtopy,
		                Int_t  	ww,
		                Int_t  	wh 
	                ) 	

以上两类构造函数的参数列表如下：

name	canvas name
title	canvas title
wtopx,wtopy	are the pixel coordinates of the top left corner of the canvas (if wtopx < 0) the menubar is not shown)
ww	is the canvas size in pixels along X
wh	is the canvas size in pixels along Y

Example:

TCanvas* c1 = new TCanvas("c1","test canvas",200,100);

 第三类构造函数。

TCanvas::TCanvas 	( 	const char *  	name,
	                	const char *  	title = "",
		                Int_t  	form = 1 
	                ) 		

form是预定义的画布形式，其定义的值如下：

Create a new canvas with a predefined size form.

If form < 0 the menubar is not shown.

• form = 1 700x500 at 10,10 (set by TStyle::SetCanvasDefH,W,X,Y)
• form = 2 500x500 at 20,20
• form = 3 500x500 at 30,30
• form = 4 500x500 at 40,40
• form = 5 500x500 at 50,50

三、常用方法

1、分割画布和调用画板

（1）分割画布

void TPad::Divide 	( 	Int_t  	nx = 1,
		                Int_t  	ny = 1,
		                Float_t  	xmargin = 0.01,
		                Float_t  	ymargin = 0.01,
		                Int_t  	color = 0 
	                ) 	

方法继承自TPad。通常只使用前两个参数。

Example：

c1->Divide(2,1);// create 2 pads (2 divisions along x, 1 along y).

（2）调用画板

TVirtualPad * TCanvas::cd 	( 	Int_t  	subpadnumber = 0	) 	

Example：

c1->cd(2);//from top to bottom, from left to right, is 1,2,3....n

 从上到下，从左到右的编号依次为1,2,3.……n。进入对应画板后可以调用Draw()方法进行画图，即可把多个图画在一张画布上。

（3）保存为图片格式

void TPad::SaveAs 	( 	const char *  	filename = "",
		                Option_t *  	option = "" 
	                ) 		const

Example：

c1->SaveAs("figure.png");

最常用的保存格式为pdf、png、jpg、jpeg、gif、root、cpp/cxx/C几类。

if filename is empty, the file produced is padname.ps

if filename starts with a dot, the padname is added in front

if filename ends with .ps, a Postscript file is produced

if filename ends with .eps, an Encapsulated Postscript file is produced

if filename ends with .pdf, a PDF file is produced NOTE: TMathText will be converted to TLatex; q.e.d., symbols only available in TMathText will not render properly.

if filename ends with .svg, a SVG file is produced

if filename ends with .tex, a TeX file is produced

if filename ends with .gif, a GIF file is produced

if filename ends with .gif+NN, an animated GIF file is produced See comments in TASImage::WriteImage for meaning of NN and other .gif sufix variants

if filename ends with .xpm, a XPM file is produced

if filename ends with .png, a PNG file is produced

if filename ends with .bmp, a BMP file is produced

if filename ends with .jpg or .jpeg a JPEG file is produced NOTE: JPEG's lossy compression will make all sharp edges fuzzy.

if filename ends with .tiff, a TIFF file is produced

if filename ends with .C, .cxx,.cpp or .cc, a C++ macro file is produced

if filename ends with .root, a Root file is produced

if filename ends with .xml, a XML file is produced

if filename ends with .json, a JSON file is produced

 【资料】

1、ROOT官网——ROOT: analyzing petabytes of data, scientifically. - ROOT 

2、ROOT文档——ROOT: TCanvas Class Reference

后续还会不断更新，如有错误请指正。