一些最重要的 SQL 命令:
SELECT - 从数据库中提取数据
UPDATE - 更新数据库中的数据
DELETE - 从数据库中删除数据
INSERT INTO - 向数据库中插入新数据
CREATE DATABASE - 创建新数据库
ALTER DATABASE - 修改数据库
CREATE TABLE - 创建新表
ALTER TABLE - 变更(改变)数据库表
DROP TABLE - 删除表
CREATE INDEX - 创建索引(搜索键)
DROP INDEX - 删除索引
1. SQL SELECT 语法
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA |
| 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN |
| 3 | 阿里云大学 | http://edu.aliyun.com/ | 4689 | CN |
| 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN |
| 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
SELECT name,country FROM Websites;
2. SELECT DISTINCT 语句(去重)
SELECT DISTINCT country FROM Websites;
3. SQL WHERE 语法(条件)
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE country='CN';
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| id | name | url | alexa | country |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
| 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN |
| 3 | 阿里云 | http://www.aliyun.com/ | 179 | CN |
| 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN |
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
4. SQL AND & OR 运算符
SELECT * FROM Websites WHERE alexa > 15 AND (country='CN' OR country='USA');
5. SQL ORDER BY 关键字(排序)
SELECT * FROM Websites ORDER BY alexa DESC;
6. SQL INSERT INTO 语法(插入数据)
INSERT INTO Websites (name, url, alexa, country)VALUES('百度','https://www.baidu.com/','4','CN');
7. SQL UPDATE 语法(更新数据)
UPDATE Websites SET alexa='5000', country='USA' WHERE name='菜鸟教程';
8. SQL DELETE 语句(删除行)
DELETE FROM Websites WHERE name='百度' AND country='CN';