python生成随机数方法小结

在python中用于生成随机数的模块是random,在使用前需要import

random.random:

random.random():生成一个0-1之间的随机浮点数.例:

import random  
print random.random()  
# 0.87594424128

random.uniform

random.uniform(a, b):生成[a,b]之间的浮点数.例:

import random  
print random.uniform(0, 10)  
# 5.27462570463 

random.randint

random.randint(a, b):生成[a,b]之间的整数.例:

import random  
print random.randint(0, 10)  
# 8  

random.randrange

random.randrange(a, b, step):在指定的集合[a,b)中,以step为基数随机取一个数.如random.randrange(0, 20, 2),相当于从[0,2,4,6,...,18]中随机取一个.例:

import random  
print random.randrange(0, 20, 2)  
# 14 

random.choice

random.choice(sequence):从特定序列中随机取一个元素,这里的序列可以是字符串,列表,元组等,例:

import random  
string = 'nice to meet you'  
tup = ('nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you')  
lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}  
print random.choice(string)  
print random.choice(tup)  
print random.choice(lst)  
''''' 
c 
meet 
nice 
'''  

random.shuffle

random.shuffle(lst):将列表中的元素打乱,洗牌.例:

import random  
lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  
random.shuffle(lst)  
print lst  
# ['you', 'nice', 'to', 'meet']  

random.sample

random.sample(sequence,k):从指定序列在随机抽取定长序列,原始序列不变,例:

import random  
string = 'nice to meet you'  
tup = ('nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you')  
lst = ['nice', 'to', 'meet', 'you']  
dic = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}  
print random.sample(string, 2)  
print random.sample(tup, 2)  
print random.sample(lst, 2)  
''''' 
['m', 'i'] 
['you', 'nice'] 
['nice', 'to'] 
'''