mysql查询语句实例 复杂mysql查询

1、单表查询

(1)选择指定的列

[例]查询全体学生的学号和姓名

        select Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名 from student;

        select Sno,Sname from student;

(2）查询全部列

[例]查询全体学生的详细信息

        select * from student;

(3）对查询后的指定列进行命名

[例]查询全部学生的“姓名”及其“出生年”两列

        select Sname as 姓名,(2014-Sage) as 出生年 from student;

        select Sname ,(2014-Sage) from student;

(4）消除取值重复的行

[例]查询选修了课程的学生学号

        select distinct Sno as 选修了课程的学生学号 from SC;

        select distinct Sno from SC;

(5）选择表中若干元组（满足条件的）

•     大小比较

[例]查询计算机系（IS）全体学生名单

        select Sname as 学生姓名 from student where Sdept='IS';

[例]查询全体20岁以下的学生姓名和年龄

        select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sage<20;

•  确定范围

[例]查询所有在20到23岁（含20和23）的学生姓名、系别和年龄

        select Sname as 姓名,Sdept as 系别,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sage between20 and 23;

注意between 小数 and 大数。

•     in和not in确定集合

[例]查询IS系和CS系的全体学生姓名和性别

        select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sdept='IS' orSdept='CS';

        select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sdept in ('IS','CS');

[例]查询既不属于IS系，也不属于MA系的学生姓名和年龄

        select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sdept!='IS'and Sdept!='CS';

        select Sname as 姓名,Sage as 年龄 from student where Sdept notin('IS','MA');

•     字符匹配（like % _ ）

[例]查询所有姓李的学生姓名和性别

        select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sname like '李%';

[例]查询所有“2002”年入学的学生学号、姓名和系别

        select Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名,Sdept as 系别 from student where Sno like'2002%';

[例]查询所有不姓“刘”的学生信息

        select * from student where Sname not like'刘%';

[例]查询名称含有“数据”的课程号、课程名及学分

        select Cno as 课程号,Cname as 课程名,Ccredit as 学分 from course where Cname like '%数据%';

总结：

        select * from course where cname like '%数据%';包含数据的字符串 

        select * from course where cname like '数据%';以数据开头的字符串

        select * from course where cname like '%数据'; 以数据结尾的字符串

•     涉及空值的查询（is null）

[例]查询没有先修课的课程号和课程名。

        select Cno as 课程号,Cname as 课程名,Cpno from course where Cpno is null;

[例]查询所有有成绩的学生学号、课程号及成绩

        select Sno as 学号,Cno as 课程号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Grade is not null;

•     查询结果排序（order by ）

[例]查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩，结果按成绩降序排列。

        select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order by Grade desc;

[例]查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩，结果按成绩升序排列。

        select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order byGrade asc;

•     聚集函数（count、sum、avg、max、min）

[例]查询学生总数

        select count(*) as 学生总数 from student;

[例]查询所有课程的总学分

        select sum(Ccredit) as 所有课程总学分 from course;

[例]查询全体学生平均年龄

        select avg(Sage) as 平均年龄 from student;

[例]查询1号课程的最高分

        select max(Grade) as 1号课程的最高分 from SC where Cno=1;

•     分组统计（group by）

[例]查询男女学生各有多少人。

        select Ssex as 性别,count(*) as 人数 from student group by Ssex;

[例]查询每个课程的课程号和平均分。

        select Cno as 课程号,avg(Grade) as 平均分 from SC group by Cno;

【例】查询选修了3门课程以上（含3门）的学生学号和选修课程数。（having 关键字后面直接跟聚集函数，可参考 SQL HAVING 语句）

        select Sno as 学号 ,count(course.Cno) as 选修课程数

        From SC,course

        Where course.Cno=SC.Cno

        Group by Sno

        Having Count(course.Cno)>=3;

【例】查询选修了2门课程以上（含2门，但不含1号课程）,学生学号和选修课程数。

        select Sno as 学号 ,count(course.Cno) as 选修课程数

        From SC,course

        Where course.Cno=SC.Cno and course.Cno !=1

        Group by Sno

        Having Count(course.Cno)>=2;

【例】查询不及格门数2门以上的学生学号。

        Select Sno

        from sc

        Where sc.Grade<60

        Group by Sno

        Having count(Cno)>=2;

【例】查询有2名以上（含2名）学生选修了的课程号和选修人数。

        Select Cno,count(Sno)

        From SC

        Group by Cno

        Having count(sno)>=2

2、连接查询

（1）等值与非等值连接查询

[例]查询每个学生及其的选修课程情况

        select student.Sno as 学号,course.Cno as 选修课号,SC.Grade as 成绩 

        from student,course,SC 

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and course.Cno=SC.Cno ;

（2）自身连接

[例]查询每个学生的间接选修课

        select SC.Sno as 学号,

        FIRST.Cname as 直接选修课,

        SECOND.Cname as 间接选修课

        from SC,

        course as FIRST,

        course as SECOND

         where FIRST.Cno=SC.Cno

         and FIRST.Cpno=SECOND.Cno;

（3）外连接

[例]查询所有学生选修课程情况（含没选修课程的学生）

        select student.Sno as 学号,

        Sname as 姓名,

        sc.Cno as 选修课程号

        from student 

        LEFT OUTER JOIN SC ON student.Sno=SC.Sno;

        select student.Sno as 学号,

        Sname as 姓名,

        sc.Cno as 选修课程号

        from student,SC,course

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=course.Cno;

（4）符合条件连接

[例]查询选修了2号课程且成绩在90分以上的所有学生学号和姓名

        select student.Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名 

        from student,SC 

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=2 and SC.Grade>=90;

[例]查询每个学生的学号、姓名，选修课程名和成绩。

        select student.Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名,Cname as 选修课程,Grade as 成绩 

        from student,SC,course 

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=course.Cno;

3 、嵌套查询

（1）带有IN谓词的子查询（ 属性 in （子查询的查询结果） ）

【例】查询与王敏同学在同一个系的学生信息。

        select *

        from student

        where Sdept in (

                 select Sdept

                 from student

                 where Sname='王敏'

        );

【例】查询不与王敏同学不在同一个系的学生信息。

        select *

        from student

        where Sdept not in (

                 select Sdept

                 from student

                 whereSname='王敏'

        );

【例】查询选修了课程名谓“信息系统”的学生学号和姓名。

        select student.Sno as 学号, Sname as 姓名

        from student,SC

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno in (

                 select Cno

                 from course

                 where Cname='信息系统'

        )

【例】查询曾与刘晨一同上课的学生学号和姓名。（假设：一个课程只有一个上课班）

        select distinct student.Sno as 学号, Sname as 姓名

        from student,SC

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and Cno in (

                select Cno

                from SC,student

                where SC.Sno=student.Sno and student.Sno in (

                        select Sno

                        from student

                        where student.Sname='刘晨'

                  )

        )

内层in 查出刘晨的学号sno，外层in查出刘晨所上课程的课程号。

（2）带有比较运算符的子查询（=，>=，<=，<>或!=）

【例】查询与王敏同学在同一个系的所有学生信息  （=判断）

        select *

        from student

        where Sdept=(

                select Sdept

                from student

                where Sname='王敏'

        )

【例】查询每个学生超过该课程最低分的课程号。（同类课程不是最低分的），子查询的结果返回一个数的时候，这个子查询就可以当一个数用？可以使用in符号，或者大于小于符号。

        select Cno

        from SC a

        where Grade> (

                 select min(Grade)

                 from SC b

                 where a.Cno=b.Cno

        )

【例】查询每个学生超过他选修课程平均成绩的课程号。

        select Cno

        from SC a

        where Grade> (

                select avg(Grade)

                from SC b

                where a.Sno=b.Sno

        )

【例】查询每个学生超过该课程平均成绩的课程号。

        select Cno

        from SC a

        where Grade >(

                 select avg(Grade)

                 from SC b

                 where a.Cno=b.Cno

        )

（3）带有ANY或ALL谓词的子查询

ANY表示任何一个，ALL表示所有，可以用在子查询的括号前面

【例】查询其他系中比计算机系某一学生年龄小的学生姓名，性别、年龄和所在系。

        select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别, Sage as 年龄, Sdept as 所在系

        from student

        where Sage <ANY (

                 select Sage

                 from student

                 where Sdept='CS'

        );

【例】查询其他系中比计算机系所有年龄都小的学生姓名和年龄。

        select Sname as 姓名, Sage as 年龄

        from student

        where Sdept<>'CS' and  Sage <ALL (

                 select Sage

                 from student

                 where Sdept='CS'

        );

（4 ）带有Exists谓词的子查询

【例】查询所有选修了1号课程的学生姓名。

        select Sname as 姓名

        from student

        where Exists (

                 select *

                 from SC

                 where Cno=1 and Sno=Student.Sno

        );

【例】查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名。

        select Sname as 姓名

        from student a

        where Not Exists (

                 select  *

                 from course

                 where Not Exists (

                           select  *

                           from SC

                           where Sno=a.Sno and Cno=Course.Cno

                  )

        ) ;

【例】查询至少选修了学生200215122选修的全部课程的学生学号。

        select distinct Sno as 学号

        from SC a

        where Not Exists (

                 select *

                 from SC b

                 where b.Sno='200215122' and not Exists(

                           select *

                           from SC c

                           where c.Sno=a.Sno and c.Cno=b.Cno

                  )

        );

4、集合查询

（1)并UNION

【例】 查询计算机系的学生及年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息。

        select *

        from student

        where student.Sdept='CS'

        union

        select *

        from student

        where student.Sage<=19;

【例】查询选修了1号课程的及年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息。

        select student.*

        from student,SC

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=1

        union

        select *

        from student

        where student.Sage<=19;

（2)交INTERSECT

【例】查询选修了1号课程的与年龄不大于19岁的 学生 详细信息 的交集。

        Select *

        from student,SC

        where student.Sno=SC.Sno and SC.Cno=1

        INTERSECT

        Select *

        from student

        where student.Sage<=19;

（3)差EXCEPT

【例】查询计算机科学系的学生与年龄不大于19岁的学生详细信息的差集。

        select *

        from student

        where student.Sdept='SC'

        EXCEPT

        select *

        from student

        where student.Sage<=19;