@JsonManagedReference、@JsonBackReference 处理循环引用

@JsonManagedReference、@JsonBackReference 也能处理循环引用，它们是成对使用的：

• @JsonManagedReference ：被其注解的属性可正常序列化。

• @JsonBackReference：被其注解的属性序列化时会被忽略掉，且只能用于普通 bean，不能是集合、Map、数组、枚举。

与 @JsonIdentityInfo 的不同之处：

• @JsonIdentityInfo 会序列化对象标识符
• @JsonManagedReference、@JsonBackReference 会直接忽略掉属性。
• @JsonIdentityInfo 能解决一对一、一对多、多对多的循环引用，但 @JsonManagedReference、@JsonBackReference 无法解决多对多的循环引用，因为 @JsonBackReference 不能用于集合

Example

POJOs

public class Customer {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    @JsonManagedReference
    private Order order;
    ...
}    

public class Order {
    private int orderId;
    private List<Integer> itemIds;
    @JsonBackReference
    private Customer customer;
    ...
}    

序列化、反序列化

public class ExampleMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setOrderId(1);
        order.setItemIds(List.of(10, 30));

        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setId(2);
        customer.setName("Peter");
        customer.setOrder(order);
        order.setCustomer(customer);

        System.out.println(customer);
        System.out.println("-- serializing --");
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        String s = om.writeValueAsString(customer);
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println("-- deserializing --");
        Customer customer2 = om.readValue(s, Customer.class);
        System.out.println(customer2);
    }
}

Customer 的属性 order 正常序列化了，但 Order 的 customer 属性被忽略了：

Customer{id=2, name='Peter', order=Order{id=1, itemIds=[10, 30]}}
-- serializing --
{"id":2,"name":"Peter","order":{"orderId":1,"itemIds":[10,30]}}
-- deserializing --
Customer{id=2, name='Peter', order=Order{id=1, itemIds=[10, 30]}}

涉及集合的循环引用

POJOs

public class Dept {
    private int deptId;
    @JsonManagedReference
    List<Employee> employees;
    private String name;
    ...
}    

序列化、反序列化

public class Employee {
    private int empId;
    @JsonBackReference
    private Dept dept;
    private String name;
    ...
}        

public class ExampleMain2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Employee emp1 = new Employee();
        emp1.setEmpId(1);
        emp1.setName("Tina");

        Employee emp2 = new Employee();
        emp2.setEmpId(2);
        emp2.setName("Joe");

        Dept dept = new Dept();
        dept.setName("IT");
        dept.setDeptId(3);
        dept.setEmployees(List.of(emp1, emp2));

        System.out.println("-- before serializing dept --");
        System.out.println(dept);

        System.out.println("-- json string after serializing --");
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        String s = om.writeValueAsString(dept);
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println("-- deserializing --");
        Dept dept1 = om.readValue(s, Dept.class);
        System.out.println(dept1);
    }
}

-- before serializing dept --
Dept{deptId=3, employees=[Employee{empId=1, deptId=3, name='Tina'}, Employee{empId=2, deptId=3, name='Joe'}], name='IT'}
-- json string after serializing --
{"deptId":3,"employees":[{"empId":1,"name":"Tina"},{"empId":2,"name":"Joe"}],"name":"IT"}
-- deserializing --
Dept{deptId=3, employees=[Employee{empId=1, deptId=3, name='Tina'}, Employee{empId=2, deptId=3, name='Joe'}], name='IT'}

原文链接

Jackson JSON - Using @JsonManagedReference and @JsonBackReference for circular references