一、我们知道遍历集合的过程中,安全的移除集合中的元素,要使用遍历器Iterator以及其remove()方法。但是有的时候貌似并不好用
二、示例(这里只列举了一种,其他很多集合也存在同样的坑)
import java.util.*;
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String [] args) {
try {
String str = "abc,def,hig";
List<String> oTestList = Arrays.asList(str.split(","));
Iterator<String> oIterator = oTestList.iterator();
while (oIterator.hasNext()) {
if ("def".equals(oIterator.next())) {
oIterator.remove();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
异常结果:
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
at java.util.AbstractList.remove(AbstractList.java:161)
at java.util.AbstractList$Itr.remove(AbstractList.java:374)
at com.glodon.gccs.test.MyTest.main(MyTest.java:18)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
三、原因分析
1、每个集合调用iterator()生成的遍历器实际上都是在该集合中定义的一个Iterator的子类,执行remove()方法,也就是执行该子类中的remove()方法,下面从源码中分析,坑从何来?
2、源码跟踪
1)Arrays.asList()
@SafeVarargs
@SuppressWarnings("varargs")
public static <T> List<T> asList(T... a) {
return new ArrayList<>(a);
}
注意:这个ArrayList并不是java.util中的,而是Arrays中自定义的
private static class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements RandomAccess, java.io.Serializable
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2764017481108945198L;
private final E[] a;
ArrayList(E[] array) {
a = Objects.requireNonNull(array);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return a.length;
}
@Override
public Object[] toArray() {
return a.clone();
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
int size = size();
if (a.length < size)
return Arrays.copyOf(this.a, size,
(Class<? extends T[]>) a.getClass());
System.arraycopy(this.a, 0, a, 0, size);
if (a.length > size)
a[size] = null;
return a;
}
@Override
public E get(int index) {
return a[index];
}
@Override
public E set(int index, E element) {
E oldValue = a[index];
a[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
@Override
public int indexOf(Object o) {
E[] a = this.a;
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
if (a[i] == null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
if (o.equals(a[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
@Override
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) != -1;
}
@Override
public Spliterator<E> spliterator() {
return Spliterators.spliterator(a, Spliterator.ORDERED);
}
@Override
public void forEach(Consumer<? super E> action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
for (E e : a) {
action.accept(e);
}
}
@Override
public void replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator) {
Objects.requireNonNull(operator);
E[] a = this.a;
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = operator.apply(a[i]);
}
}
@Override
public void sort(Comparator<? super E> c) {
Arrays.sort(a, c);
}
}
可以看到,该类继承了AbstractList,而自身并未实现任何遍历器相关的方法,所以在使用这个集合进行遍历器相关操作,实际上是调用AbstractList相关的遍历器操作。
2)AbstractList iterator()
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
3)AbstractList iterator的remove()
public void remove() {
if (lastRet < 0)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
try {
AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
if (lastRet < cursor)
cursor--;
lastRet = -1;
expectedModCount = modCount;
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
注意这行代码:AbstractList.this.remove(lastRet);
iterator的remove()实际是调用AbstractList自身的remove()方法
4)AbstractList remove()
public E remove(int index) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
是不是很坑?
四、总结:集合使用遍历器进行安全移除元素时,一定要确保:
1)该集合是否重写了遍历器,重写的遍历器是否支持移除操作;
2)若集合未重写遍历器,其基类的遍历器操作是否可正常使用
经验之谈:JDK源码中不推荐直接使用的基类,通常都会在相应方法中抛异常,促使开发人员使用相应子类进行开发