题意:给你一个图G,求每个子图的最少染色数
思路:每个子图的染色问题,可以看成是找每个子图的独立集问题(两两顶点互不相邻的图叫独立集),可以先枚举每个状态,然后枚举每个顶点,表示以这个顶点为起始的子图,再枚举每个顶点,表示这个顶点和上面那个顶点所构成的图是一个独立集,预处理出所有非法的状态,即他们之间有边。
令dp[s]为子图S已经染色的最少染色数,那么有dp[s]=min(dp[s],dp[s^s0]+1)其中s0是S的子集,并且内部没有变,也就是s0是一个可以染成同一种颜色的结点集
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define LL long long
#define inf 0x3f3f3f
LL dp[1<<18];
char mp[20][20];
int vis[1<<18];
int main()
{
int T;
scanf("%d",&T);
while(T--)
{
memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
for(int i= 1;i<=n;i++)
scanf(" %s",mp[i]+1);
for(int i = 1;i<(1<<n);i++)
{
for(int j = 0;j<n;j++)
{
if(i&(1<<j))
{
for(int k = 0;k<n;k++)
{
if(i&(1<<k) && mp[j+1][k+1]=='1')
{
vis[i]=1;
break;
}
}
}
if(vis[i])
break;
}
}
dp[0]=0;
for(int s = 1;s<(1<<n);s++)
{
dp[s]=inf;
for(int s0 = s;s0;s0=(s0-1)&s)
{
if(!vis[s0])
dp[s]=min(dp[s],dp[s^s0]+1);
}
}
LL ans = 0;
LL f = 1;
for(int i = 1;i<(1<<n);i++)
{
f*=233;
ans +=(dp[i]*f);
}
printf("%u\n",(int)ans);
}
}
Problem Description
You are given an undirected graph with n vertices numbered 0 through n-1.
Obviously, the vertices have 2^n - 1 non-empty subsets. For a non-empty subset S, we define a proper coloring of S is a way to assign each vertex in S a color, so that no two vertices in S with the same color are directly connected by an edge. Assume we've used k different kinds of colors in a proper coloring. We define the chromatic number of subset S is the minimum possible k among all the proper colorings of S.
Now your task is to compute the chromatic number of every non-empty subset of the n vertices.
Obviously, the vertices have 2^n - 1 non-empty subsets. For a non-empty subset S, we define a proper coloring of S is a way to assign each vertex in S a color, so that no two vertices in S with the same color are directly connected by an edge. Assume we've used k different kinds of colors in a proper coloring. We define the chromatic number of subset S is the minimum possible k among all the proper colorings of S.
Now your task is to compute the chromatic number of every non-empty subset of the n vertices.
Input
First line contains an integer t. Then t testcases follow.
In each testcase: First line contains an integer n. Next n lines each contains a string consisting of '0' and '1'. For 0<=i<=n-1 and 0<=j<=n-1, if the j-th character of the i-th line is '1', then vertices i and j are directly connected by an edge, otherwise they are not directly connected.
The i-th character of the i-th line is always '0'. The i-th character of the j-th line is always the same as the j-th character of the i-th line.
For all testcases, 1<=n<=18. There are no more than 100 testcases with 1<=n<=10, no more than 3 testcases with 11<=n<=15, and no more than 2 testcases with 16<=n<=18.
In each testcase: First line contains an integer n. Next n lines each contains a string consisting of '0' and '1'. For 0<=i<=n-1 and 0<=j<=n-1, if the j-th character of the i-th line is '1', then vertices i and j are directly connected by an edge, otherwise they are not directly connected.
The i-th character of the i-th line is always '0'. The i-th character of the j-th line is always the same as the j-th character of the i-th line.
For all testcases, 1<=n<=18. There are no more than 100 testcases with 1<=n<=10, no more than 3 testcases with 11<=n<=15, and no more than 2 testcases with 16<=n<=18.
Output
For each testcase, only print an integer as your answer in a line.
This integer is determined as follows:
We define the identity number of a subset S is id(S)=∑v∈S2v . Let the chromatic number of S be fid(S) .
You need to output ∑1<=id(S)<=2n−1fid(S)×233id(S)mod232 .
This integer is determined as follows:
We define the identity number of a subset S is id(S)=∑v∈S2v . Let the chromatic number of S be fid(S) .
You need to output ∑1<=id(S)<=2n−1fid(S)×233id(S)mod232 .
Sample Input
2 4 0110 1010 1101 0010 4 0111 1010 1101 1010
Sample Output
1022423354 2538351020HintFor the first test case, ans[1..15]= {1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3}
Author
学军中学