L4 U6 度假

Module 1 获取目的地信息

1. 地理位置

beach 海滩
an area of sand or small stones (called shingle), beside the sea or a lake

coast 海岸
the land beside or near to the sea or ocean

valley 山谷, 溪谷, 流域
an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it; the land that a river flows through

2. 天气、季节和温度

谈论天气、季节和温度
描述一个地方的天气和气候有多种方法。
你可以描述天气和温度。
It's often windy.
It's so cold and cloudy.
It gets to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. That's, like, 46 degrees Celsius! 温度达到华氏 115 度，相当于 46 摄氏度。

你可以使用表达感觉和观点的形容词。
Fall is perfect.
Winter is terrible.
It's lovely in spring.

你可以比较时间、地点和环境。
It gets cooler at night.
It's nicer here than in the desert.
It's hot in summer and cold in winter.

It gets cooler in fall.
It's foggy in the morning and sunny in the afternoon.
Winter is cold and rainy.
It gets really windy in spring.
It snows a lot in winter.
It can get to about 65 degrees.

3. 旅游手册

阅读策略

在阅读第二语言时，你可能会碰到不熟悉的单词和表达。要解决这一问题，一种策略是通过阅读前后的单词和句子得出生词的意思。你常常会在生词附近的上下文中找到它的同义词和反义词、定义和解释。

在下面的第一个句子中，你看到单词 waterfall。紧接着下一句你就会读到解释：water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake，你可以用这来猜测单词 waterfall 的意思。

Take a hike to Salto Grande waterfall. There, water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake.

4. 谈论地方

询问和介绍地点的信息
询问他们是否喜欢自己的家乡，是鼓励他人谈论其家乡的一种方法。
A: Where are you from?
B: I'm from Ottawa.
A: Do you like it there?
B: Oh, yeah. There are fantastic museums and festivals.

询问某件具体的事情，你可以使用表达 What's the + 名词 + like?。记住，这里的 like 不同于 Do you like ...? 中的用法。
A: What's the weather like in your hometown? 你的家乡天气什么样子？
B: It's cold and snowy in winter. It gets to -30 degrees. But it's warm in summer and fall.

A: What's the food like in Ottawa? 在渥太华都吃什么？
B: Well, we eat a lot of fish. And poutine is popular. It's special french fries with cheese.

A: What are the people like? 人都怎么样？
B: Many people are university graduates and can speak English and French.

What's the weather like in your hometown?
It gets up to 80 degrees.
What kind of food do people eat in your hometown?
We eat a lot of vegetables and Mexican food.
What are the people like?
They're a lot of fun, and friendly.

Module 2 讨论度假计划0

1. 度假活动

going to the beach
sightseeing 游览
to go sightseeing
going to a spa
visiting family
camping
biking
diving
fishing
shopping
horseback riding 骑马

2. 谈论地方

'Be' + 'going to' 表示计划, 'will' 表示预测
使用 be + going to + 动词谈论未来确认的计划或打算。
A: What are you going to do on vacation?
B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work.

使用 will + 动词表示你预计或认为会发生的事情。在英语口语中，代词和动词通常缩写。
We'll probably stay in a hotel.
I'll be happy living by the sea.
You'll like Paris.

如果动词和代词不缩写，通常是为了表示特意的强调。
You will have fun.
We will not fight.

表达否定意义，使用 will + not + 动词，缩写形式为 won't。
I won't get sick.
They won't come with us.

要确定时间，你可以添加表示将来的时间表达：
I'm going to go horseback riding on Thursday.
The next two days will be an adventure.

How long are you going to stay?
We won't cook and clean for a week.
You'll have a lot of fun.
Are you going to visit your friends there?
What are you going to do on vacation?
We'll eat delicious dinners at night.

3. 表达疑虑

表达疑虑
使用类似下面的表达表示疑虑。注意语调的变化如何加深说话人的疑虑程度。
Are you sure about that?
If you say so. 既然你这么说。

表达疑虑还有一种方法，就是重复或反驳某人刚说的话。再次注意表示疑虑的人的语调。
A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight.
B: The spa?

A: We're going to travel through Europe this year.
B: You're not going to Asia?
语言点：注意这些表示疑虑的表达的使用方式和对象。比如，跟老板说 If you say so 可能不大好！

I'll help you pay for the vacation.
Are you sure about that?
Josephine said New York isn't very expensive.
OK - if she says so.
I'll probably go camping.
Camping?

Module 3 送别某人

1. 用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事

用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事
使用 will + 动词提议或自愿在不久或更远的将来做某事。
Let's go to Istanbul. I'll make the plane reservations right now.
I'll drive you to the airport next week, if you want.

使用 will + 动词提出非正式请求。
A: When I go on vacation, will you take care of my dog?
B: Sure, I'll take care of little Sammie.

你可以使用 will not 谢绝请求，但务必谨慎使用：可能显得过于直接，可能会让人不高兴。
A: Will you get my luggage?
B: No, I won't.

Will you get the bags?
I'll drive you to the airport.
We'll drive to the hotel.
Will you help me?
Will they show us our room?
I'll make the reservations.

2. 告别用语

告别语
当某人出发旅行时，使用类似这样的表达送别：
Have a great trip!
Drive safely!
Have a good flight.
Call me when you get there.
Don't worry about anything.

当某人出发旅行时，你可以使用短语 Bon voyage!，该短语直接源于法语。
A: OK, then. I'm going. 好吧。那我走了。
B: Bon voyage! 一路平安！

Have a good flight.
Bon voyage!
一路顺风！
Call me when you get there.
Drive safely!
Have a wonderful trip!
Don't worry about anything.

3. 动词 'try'、'remember' 和 'stop'

动词 'try'、'remember' 和 'stop' 的意义会根据后接动词的形式而改变。

'Try'
当动词 try 后接不定式 （to + 动词） 时，例如 to buy，表示试图做某事。
I can't go to the mall. Maybe I'll try to buy something online.
（我不能去商场。也许我会试着网上购物。）

当动词 try 后接动名词时 （动词 + -ing），例如 swimming，表示第一次做某事，或尝试做不同的事情。
I don't like biking. Maybe I'll try swimming on my vacation.
（我不喜欢骑自行车。也许假期我会试着游游泳。）

'Remember'
当动词 remember 后接不定式时，例如 to call，表示记得去履行一项职责或任务。
I always remember to call my mother on Sunday. 我星期天总是记得打电话给我母亲。

当动词 remember 后接动名词时，例如 calling，表示记得过去做过某事。
I remember calling the neighbors. （我记得给邻居打电话了。）

'Stop'
当动词 stop 后接不定式时，如 to eat，表示停止一个动作，开始另一个动作。在本例中，这个人在工作，但停下工作吃东西。
I stopped to eat when I got hungry. 当我饿的时候，我停下来去吃了点东西。

当动词 stop 后接动名词时，如 eating，表示一个中止的动作。
I stopped eating when I felt sick. （我感觉恶心，停止了吃东西。）

Did you remember to call Sean and Brittney?
We remember meeting you in Boston.我们记得在波士顿见过你。
She's trying to ride that horse.
她正在努力骑那匹马。
I'm going to try riding for the first time.
我打算第一次尝试骑马。
Let's stop to see the Grand Canyon.
我们停下来参观大峡谷吧。
Did you stop going to Cancun?
你没有再去坎昆了吗？

4. 省略形式

省略形式

记住，在英语口语中，每个词的每个音并不是总要发出来。尤其是元音常常缩短或是省略。这些形式很少在书面英语中使用，但听到时能够辨识很重要。

请听 going to、have to 和 want to 的省略形式。注意它们书写和发音的不同之处。
'Going to'
We're going to fly to Hawaii.
I'm going to call my mom.
It's going to rain.
She's going to play computer games.

'Have to'
I have to go.
We have to be quick.
She has to leave.
He has to get up early.

'Want to'
I want to go to bed.
Do you want to go to the movies?
She wants to eat out.
He wants to go home.
注意，如果主格代词是 he、she 或 it，have to 和 want to 的口语省略形式会改变，但 going to 的省略形式保持不变。

Module 4 描述假期

1. 与度假相关的动词

I'll probably relax with my girlfriend.我很可能会和女友一起轻松轻松。
Lauren lost her wallet.
We'll try to take a tour of Tivoli Gardens.
We're saving money because we're not eating out.
我们在省钱，因为我们没在外面吃饭。
We want to stay in Budapest.
I hope this vacation lasts forever.

2. 用 'So' 描述结果

用 So 来描述结果

你可以使用 So 来描述某一行动或时间的结果。注意，原因(he lost his passport)位于结果之前(he went to the embassy)。
Shawn lost his passport, so he went to the embassy.

注意：So 用于引出结果， because 用于引出原因。观察以下句子的不同之处：
Emily recommended Corcovado, so we went there.
We went to Corcovado because Emily recommended it.

3. 表达目的

表达目的

使用 in order to + 基本动词表达目的。如果 in order to + 从句位于句子主句之前，使用逗号；如果位于主句之后，则不必使用逗号。
In order to reserve our room, I called the hotel. （为了预订房间，我们打电话到酒店。）
I called the hotel in order to reserve our room.

你可以完全省略 in order，只用 to。事实上，to 使用更加普遍，在英语口语中尤其如此。
Courtney went early to avoid the crowds.

你也可以使用 so that + 从句表达目的。如果位于主句之前，则在 so that 从句之后使用逗号，如果位于主句之后则不必使用逗号。
I turned off my phone so that I could relax. （我关了手机，以便能够休息。）
So that I could relax, I turned off my phone.

你可以省略 that，只是用 so。
I saved my money so I could visit Terry.

I went to bed early because I was tired.
It was raining, so I took an umbrella.
I studied every night to pass my exams.
In order to pay for my study, I took a weekend job.
I put on a sweater to keep warm.
I exercise four times a week so that I stay healthy.

4. 使用恰当的语体

使用恰当的语体

写信时使用正确的语体很重要。以下开头和结尾的一些正式和非正式表达。

非正式开头
Dear Kim,
Hi, Mom! （亲爱的 Kim，）
（嗨，妈妈！）
非正式结尾
Love,
Take care.
See you soon. （爱你的，）
（保重。）
（再见。）

正式开头
Dear Ms. Tackett,
To whom it may concern: （亲爱的 Tackett 小姐，）
（敬启者：）

正式结尾
Sincerely yours,
Best regards, （谨上，）
（此致，）