L8 U2 生活得更美好

Module 1 与私人训练师交谈

1. 用于保持身体健康的搭配

• get into shape 恢复身材
• start an exercise routine 开始日常锻炼
• do a workout 从事健身
• doing yoga 练瑜珈
• get more flexible 变得更灵活
• cardiovascular activity 心血管活动
• weightlifting 举重
• go jogging 慢跑

含有 'do' 或 'get'、表示保持身体健康的搭配
使用 do + 名词，谈论保持身体健康的不同方法。

• do exercise 做运动
• do an exercise routine 做常规运动
• do cardiovascular activity 做心血管运动
• do aerobics 作有氧运动
• do yoga 练瑜伽
• do weightlifting 举重
• do everything possible 做一切可能的事情

使用 get + 形容词，谈论保持身体健康的不同方法。

• get fit 变健康
• get more flexible 变得更加柔韧

下面还有两个 get 引导的短语。注意 get exercise 与 do exercise 的意思相同。

• I need to get into shape. 我需要保持体型。
• You should get more exercise. 你应该多做运动。

形容词 in good shape 表示身体健康，它的反义词是 out of shape。注意，由于两个形容词描述的是一种状态，不是过程，所以与动词 be 连用。

• He's in really good shape. 他身体非常棒。
• I'm a little out of shape. 我身体有点不好。

2. 表示可能性的情态动词

表示可能性的情态动词
用 may、might 和 could 等情态动词表达可能性。 注意，在其后使用动词的一般式。 May 和 might 的含义基本相同，但 may 较为正式。

• You may lose some weight from doing yoga. 做瑜珈也许能让你减一点肥。
• You might sleep better if you get more exercise. 如果多加锻炼，你也许能睡得更香。
• He could strengthen his heart with cardiovascular activity. 他可能通过心血管活动使心脏更加强壮。

在情态动词后用 not 构成否定。 May 和 might 通常不缩写。

• She may not have the strength to lift that much weight. 她可能没有力气举起这样大的重量。
• Jogging might not be the best exercise for you. 慢跑可能不是最适合你的运动。

could 的否定形式通常缩写。 注意，couldn't 的含义与 may not 和 might not 不同，因为它表示可能性完全不存在。

• He couldn't do the new yoga exercise. He isn't flexible enough. 他不能做新的瑜珈练习。 他的身体灵活度不够。

• I might be able to do yoga. 我或许会做瑜伽。
• We could get some exercise. 我们可以适当锻炼一下。
• He couldn't get into shape. 他没能保持体型。
• You may lose some weight. 你可以减减肥。
• I may not have the time. 我可能没时间。

3. 法国悖论

The French Paradox['pærədɑks]《杀破狼：贪狼》（一部剧情动作电影）

Many French people love eating cheese. 
French cooking often involves meat, rich sauces and buttery desserts. 
Usually when people eat a lot of fatty foods, there is a danger of heart and other health problems. 
This is true in a country like the United States. 
The paradox – or thing that doesn't make sense – is that the French suffer far less from these kinds of problems, compared with some other countries. 
This is the French paradox. 
No one is sure, but some believe it's due to red wine. 
Many doctors think a glass or two of red wine each day is good for the heart.

4. 日程安排

• Every morning when I wake up … 每天早晨我醒来时…
• On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays … 在星期一、星期三和星期五…
• Then on Tuesdays and Thursdays … 然后，星期二和星期四…

• Would Mondays work for you, or are Tuesdays better? 你星期一有空吗？或是星期二更合适？
• He exercises regularly with his personal trainer. 他在他的个人训练师陪同下定期锻炼。
• Are you available tomorrow morning? 你明天早上有空吗？
• I can't make it tomorrow. How about Thursday? 我明天没空。 星期四怎么样？
• We need to decide on a training schedule. 我们需要定好训练计划。
• The best time for me is Tuesday afternoon. 我的最佳时间是星期二下午。

Module 2 提供有关生活方式的建议

1. 用于健康习惯的搭配

• stay motivated 保持活力 It's hard to stay motivated.
• lifestyle change 生活方式改变 It's a lifestyle change
• exercise every day 每天锻炼 I know I ought to exercise every day.
• eat more healthily 吃得更健康 I know I ought to eat more healthily
• drink more glasses of water 喝更多的水 And I should drink more glasses of water.
• I just crave a nice, big, juicy cheeseburger 对美味多汁的芝士大汉堡非常嘴馋
• Keep up the good work. 再接再厉。
• taking a break 休息一下

健康习惯的搭配
使用类似这些搭配来谈论一种健康的生活方式。

• Don't take everything so seriously. 凡事切勿过于认真。
• Everything in moderation. 凡事切勿过度。
• Maintain a healthy work-life balance. 工作和生活要保持健康的平衡。
• Make a lifestyle change. 改变生活方式。
• Stay motivated. 保持积极性。
• Spend quality time with family. 与家人共度美好的时光。

使用类似这些搭配来谈论健康的身体习惯。

• Exercise every day. 每天运动。
• Eat more healthily. 吃得更健康。
• Don't eat everything you crave. 不要想吃什么就吃什么。
• Avoid fatty and salty foods. 不吃高脂肪和高盐分的食物。
• Get enough sleep. 充足睡眠。
• Drink lots of water. 多喝水。

2. 表示义务的情态动词

'Must' 与 'have to'
用情态动词 have to 和 must 表达义务。 注意，在两者后都使用动词原形。

• The doctor says I have to stop smoking. My health isn't good. 医生说我必须戒烟。 我的健康状况不佳。
• I must change my lifestyle. I need to get fit. 我必须改变生活方式。 我需要让身体变得健康。

Have to 可用 have got to 代替。

• I've got to exercise more. I'm gaining a lot of weight. 我必须多锻炼。 我长胖了不少。
• have got to 没有否定形式，要使用 don't have to。

'Mustn't' 与 'don't have to'
否定形式 mustn't 和 don't have to 含义略有不同。 Mustn't 表示某个观点非常糟糕或不允许。 Don't have to 表示你不必做某事。

• The doctor told her she mustn't eat so much fatty food. 医生告诉她，她绝对不能吃这么多油腻的食物。
• He's so fit that he doesn't have to watch what he eats. 他非常健康，因此不必注意饮食。

must 没有过去式，要使用 had to。

• Last year I had to go on a diet. I was overweight. 去年我必须节食。 我超重了。

3. 谈论改变

• fourteen stone 十四英石
• It's time for a change. 是时候做出改变了。
• I've thought about it. 我想过了。
• slug 鼻涕虫
• It's time for a change of lifestyle. 是时候改变生活方式了。
• I'm making a change. 我要改变。
• I'm getting fit! 我要强身健体！

• I've thought about it. It's time for a change. 我想过了。 是时候做出改变了。
• I'm making some changes for the better. 我要越变越好。
• It's something I've got to do for myself. 我必须为自己做一些事。
• I've waited long enough. The time is now. 我已等待太久。 时不我待。
• It's time for a change of lifestyle. 是时候改变生活方式了。

4. 提供建议

您可以使用多种方式提供建议。 它可以是弱，中等或强。
微弱的建议

• What I do is go jogging in the morning. 我的做法是在早晨慢跑。
• It's a good idea to make changes slowly. 慢慢地改变是个好主意。

温和建议

• Why don't you exercise more? 你为什么不多运动一下呢？
• You should eat healthier food. 你应当吃得更健康。
• You might want to go to the gym after work. 你不妨下班后去健身房。

强烈建议

• You had better make some changes in your life. 你最好改变一下自己的生活。
• He has to stop smoking. 他必须戒烟。
• You must get some sleep! 你必须睡一会觉！

• You must find a way to reduce your stress. 你必须找到缓解压力的办法。
• You have to think about making some changes. 你必须考虑做出一些改变。
• You've got to stop eating so much bad food. 你必须戒掉这些垃圾食品。
• You'd better make some changes soon. 你最好尽快做出一些改变。
• You should start an exercise routine. 你应当开始进行日常锻炼。
• Why don't you try exercising once in a while? 你为什么不尝试偶尔锻炼一下？

Module 3 谈论工作场所压力

1. 健康问题

• having trouble sleeping 难以入睡
• anxious 焦虑的
• physical examination 身体检查
• cholesterol 胆固醇
• overwork 工作过度
• anxiety 担心
• insomnia 失眠
• diet 日常饮食

表达相同内容的不同方式
有时你可以通过多种方式表达相同的内容。 你的措辞可能取决于想要表达的观点或情况的严重程度。

• I can't sleep at night. I have insomnia. 我晚上睡不着。 我有失眠症。
• Why does she worry so much? She always seems so anxious. 她为什么这么担心？ 她看上去总是很焦虑。
• He's fatigued. Really tired. He may be suffering from exhaustion. 他很疲劳，非常累，很可能筋疲力竭了。
• She feels extremely sad all the time. I think she's depressed. 她总是感觉非常悲伤。 我觉得她的情绪很沮丧。
• My doctor told me I need to change my diet. He said the kind of food I'm eating is bad for me. 我的医生叫我改变我的饮食。他说我现在吃的东西对我身体有害。

词形
有时你可以改变单词形式，但它们的意思并不改变。以下是一些描述身体或心理健康的形容词和名词。

• She often feels anxious. / She suffers from anxiety. 她经常感到焦虑。 / 她患有焦虑症。
• He's exhausted. / He's suffering from exhaustion. 他非常疲劳。 / 他精疲力尽。
• I have a lot of stress in my life. / I'm stressed out. 我生活中有很多压力。 / 我压力重重。
• She's depressed all the time. / She's suffering from depression. 她总是很抑郁。 / 她患有抑郁症。

2. 谈论因果

• the result of ......的结果
• can lead to 可导致
• can cause 可造成
• one effect of 的一个后果

谈论因果
用此类表达来谈论因果：

• Stress leads to many other physical problems. 压力会导致其他多种身体疾病。
• Poor diet and lack of exercise can cause high cholesterol. 不良饮食和缺乏锻炼可能导致高胆固醇。
• Very often, overwork and fatigue result in anxiety. 工作过度和疲劳经常导致焦虑。
• Insomnia can be caused by many different things. 失眠可能是由多种不同因素引起。

名词 effect 与动词 affect 经常被混淆。 请看以下例子：

• The effect of his insomnia was poor performance at work. 他失眠的影响是在工作中表现不佳。
• His insomnia affected his performance at work. 他的失眠影响到自己的工作表现。

3. 压力及其对我们生活的影响

Everyone has stress in their lives. 
Stress is the way our body reacts to what is happening in and around us. 
Eustress, or good stress, can help people work to their potential and feel good about themselves. 
Think about a time when your boss told you what a good job you were doing, or you were excited playing a game. 
That is eustress. 
Sometimes it is called positive stress.

On the other hand, distress, or bad stress, is not a good thing. 
When stress becomes too much for a person to deal with, it can cause problems. 
The problems can be physical or mental. 
Stress can result in problems like insomnia, headaches, depression and anxiety. 
Obviously, we want as much eustress, and as little distress, in our lives as possible.

内部定义
在文章中遇到不认识的词语时，你有时可以通过紧跟其后的信息来猜出它的含义。 这被称为内部定义。 内部定义紧跟在难以理解的词语之后，以逗号分隔。

• Poor diet and lack of exercise can lead to diabetes, or your body's inability to produce insulin.不良饮食和缺乏锻炼可能导致糖尿病，或者说你的身体无法产生胰岛素。
• Migraines, or very severe headaches, can be caused by too much stress.偏头痛，或者说非常严重的头痛，可能是因为压力过多造成。

Module 4 描述办公室文化

1. 提供近似信息

• or so 等等
• more or less 或多或少
• around 大约

提供近似信息
用此类表达来提供近似信息。 请注意此类表达在各个句子中的位置。

• I work 50 hours or so a week. 我每周工作 50 来个小时。
• I work 50 hours a week, more or less. 我每周工作 50 个小时左右。
• I work around 50 hours a week. 我每周工作大约 50 个小时。
• I work approximately 50 hours a week. 我每周大概工作 50 个小时。
• I work about 50 hours a week. 我每周大约工作 50 个小时。
• I work 50 hours a week, give or take. 我每周 50 个小时，或多或少。

2. 办公室文化

My office is a pretty casual place. 
There are approximately 25 employees. 
Most people work 40 hours a week, give or take. 
We are all friends, and we spend time together outside the office. 
We go out to dinner or for drinks two times or so a month. 
We also have two managers. 
One is young and relaxed. 
The other is a little bit older and is stressed out sometimes. 
I take about three weeks' vacation each year. 
Last year I went to Hawaii with another employee. 
We had a lot of fun.

3. 描述办公室文化

办公室文化
一种描述办公室文化的方式是谈论办公室环境和你的同事。

• The office is very open, with separate meeting rooms. 办公室是非常开放的，有独立的会议室。
• Everyone has their own cubicle. 每个人都有自己的小隔间。
• There are approximately 50 employees. 大约有50名员工。

另一种方法是描述企业文化和对社交活动的态度。

• It's a pretty formal work atmosphere. 这是一个非常正式的工作氛围。
• The office is a pretty casual place. 办公室是一个非常休闲的地方。
• All employees are expected to wear business attire every day. 所有员工每天都要穿职业装。
• People are friendly and do things together outside work. 人们很友好并且下班后也一起活动。
• There are company-organized sports events. 有公司组织的体育活动。

What's it like to work here?

The Sizzlr office is a pretty casual place. 
There are approximately 25 employees. 
Most people here work 40 hours a week. 
We're all friends, and we like to spend time together outside the office. 
We go out to dinner two times or so a month. 
There's also the CEO. 
He's young and relaxed. 
Then there's the CFO. 
He's a little bit older and is under lots of pressure, but he still finds time for fun. 
I get about three weeks' vacation per year. 
Last year I went to Hawaii with some other colleagues. 
It was amazing!

4. 回复问题

From: 
nathan@useremail.com
To: jack.wu@bigcompany.com
Hi, Jack.

I'm really looking forward to joining the team! 
I have some questions about the company culture at Big Company.

First of all, I'd like to know something about the office environment. 
Is it an open office? Do people sit in separate offices?

Can you also tell me something about the local area? 
What restaurants and cafes are around, and what lunch options do we have?

Finally, what's the work-life balance like? 
Are people overworked? Is it a relaxed company culture or very serious? 
I want to be prepared!

Thanks!

Nathan

在邮件中回复问题
在邮件中回复问题时，你可以在开始提及问的问题和你已经提供的答案。

• Thanks for sending me your questions. 谢谢你发给我你的问题。
• I've provided answers to your questions below. 下面是我提供的给你问题的答案。

然后，按顺序回答问题。参阅每个具体的问题。

• In answer to your first question, HR deals with the bonus system. 回答你的第一个问题，人力资源处理奖金制度。
• The answer to your question about holidays is that they increase by one day per year. 回答你的关于假期的问题，假期每年增加一天。
• Addressing your last question, pay is decided by your manager. 回答你的最后一个问题，工资由你的经理来定。

使用像这样的短语来引入一个主题：

• Here are some details about our company culture. 这是关于我们的企业文化的一些细节。
• Regarding our contract, it's divided into two sections. 至于我们的合同，它分为两部分。