本文为how2java Mybatis教程的学习笔记,原教程链接如下:http://how2j.cn/k/mybatis/mybatis-tutorial/1087.html#nowhere
入门项目
1、创建数据库:
create database how2java
2、创建表category_
USE how2java;
CREATE TABLE category_ (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
3、导入数据
USE how2java;
INSERT INTO category_ VALUES (null,'category1');
INSERT INTO category_ VALUES (null,'category2');
4、创建工程导入jar包
创建java project:mybatis,在项目目录下新建lib文件夹,导入以下两个jar包并在项目内添加对这两个jar包的依赖。
5、创建实体类Category,用于映射表category_
package com.how2java.pojo;
public class Category {
private int id;
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
6、配置文件mybatis-config.xml
在src目录下创建mybatis的主配置文件mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.how2java.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="admin"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
- 以下部分提供连接数据库用的驱动,数据库名称,编码方式,账号密码:
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="admin"/>
- 通过typeAliases标签设置别名,程序自动扫描com.how2java.pojo下的类型,使得在后续配置文件Category.xml中使用resultType的时候,可以直接使用Category,而不用写全com.how2java.pojo.Category
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.how2java.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
- 映射Category.xml:
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/>
</mappers>
7、配置文件Category.xml
在包com.how2java.pojo下,新建文件Category.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<select id="listCategory" resultType="Category">
select * from category_
</select>
</mapper>
命名空间是com.how2java.pojo,在后续调用sql语句的时候,会用到它。里面定义了一条sql语句。
- id=”listCategory”:进行标示以供后续代码调用。
- resultType=”Category”:表示返回的数据和Category关联起来。
这里本应该使用的是 com.how2java.pojo.Category, 但是因为上一步配置了别名,所以直接使用Category就行了
8、测试
编写测试类:
package com.how2java;
public class TestMybatis {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session=sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
List<Category> cs=session.selectList("listCategory");
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
}
}
- 根据配置文件mybatis-config.xml得到sqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
- 然后再根据sqlSessionFactory 得到session
SqlSession session=sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
- 最后通过session的selectList方法,调用sql语句listCategory。listCategory这个就是在配置文件Category.xml中那条sql语句设置的id。执行完毕之后,得到一个Category集合,遍历即可看到数据。
List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory");
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
运行结果:
9、基本原理
- 应用程序找Mybatis要数据
- mbatis从数据库中找来数据
- 通过mybatis-config.xml 定位哪个数据库
- 通过Category.xml执行对应的select语句
- 基于Catgory.xml把返回的数据库记录封装在Category对象中
- 把多个Category对象装在一个Category集合中
- 返回一个Category集合
CRUD(增删改查)
以下测试将省略如下获取sqlSessionFactory、Session的代码:
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session=sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
1、修改配置文件Category.xml
首先一次性修改配置文件Category.xml,提供CRUD对应的sql语句:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<insert id="addCategory" parameterType="Category" >
insert into category_ ( name ) values (#{name})
</insert>
<delete id="deleteCategory" parameterType="Category" >
delete from category_ where id= #{id}
</delete>
<select id="getCategory" parameterType="_int" resultType="Category">
select * from category_ where id= #{id}
</select>
<update id="updateCategory" parameterType="Category" >
update category_ set name=#{name} where id=#{id}
</update>
<select id="listCategory" resultType="Category">
select * from category_
</select>
</mapper>
2、增加
增加的SQL语句:#{name}会自动获取Category对象的name属性值
<insert id="addCategory" parameterType="Category" >
insert into category_ ( name ) values (#{name})
</insert>
通过session.insert()调用addCategory对应的SQL语句
Category c = new Category();
c.setName("新增加的Category");
session.insert("addCategory",c)
3、删除
删除的SQL语句:
<delete id="deleteCategory" parameterType="Category" >
delete from category_ where id= #{id}
</delete>
通过session.delete()调用deleteCategory对应的SQL语句:
Category c = new Category();
c.setId(6);
session.delete("deleteCategory",c);
4、获取
获取单条记录
SQL语句:
<select id="getCategory" parameterType="_int" resultType="Category">
select * from category_ where id= #{id}
</select>
通过session.selectOne()调用getCategory对应的SQL语句获取单条记录:
Category c= session.selectOne("getCategory",3);
获取多条记录
SQL语句:
<select id="listCategory" resultType="Category">
select * from category_
</select>
通过session.selectList()调用listCategory对应的SQL语句获取多条记录:
List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory");
模糊查询
SQL语句:其中#{0}中的0代表第一个参数,更多模糊查询的知识参考Mysql模糊查询。
<select id="listCategoryByName" parameterType="string" resultType="Category">
select * from category_ where name like concat('%',#{0},'%')
</select>
测试代码:
List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategoryByName","cat");
多条件查询
SQL语句:
<select id="listCategoryByIdAndName" resultType="Category">
select * from category_ where id> #{id} and name like concat('%',#{name},'%')
</select>
测试代码:selectList()方法又只接受一个参数对象,所以需要把多个参数放在Map里,然后把这个Map对象作为参数传递进去
Map<String,Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("id", 3);
params.put("name", "cat");
List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategoryByIdAndName",params);
5、修改
修改的SQL语句:
<update id="updateCategory" parameterType="Category" >
update category_ set name=#{name} where id=#{id}
</update>
通过session.update()调用updateCategory对应的SQL语句:
session.update("updateCategory",c);
一对多
以下以一个分类Category对应多个产品Product来举例
1、新建产品表
use how2java;
create table product_(
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
price float DEFAULT 0,
cid int ,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
)AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2、准备数据
清空category_ 和 product_ 表
新增2条分类数据,id分别是1,2
新增6条产品数据,分辨关联上述2条分类数据
use how2java;
delete from category_;
INSERT INTO category_ VALUES (1,'category1');
INSERT INTO category_ VALUES (2,'category2');
delete from product_;
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (1,'product a', 88.88, 1);
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (2,'product b', 88.88, 1);
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (3,'product c', 88.88, 1);
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (4,'product x', 88.88, 2);
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (5,'product y', 88.88, 2);
INSERT INTO product_ VALUES (6,'product z', 88.88, 2);
3、创建Product实体类
package com.how2java.pojo;
public class Product {
private int id;
private String name;
private float price;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(float price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Product [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
4、修改Category实体类
修改Category实体类,提供products的集合。
package com.how2java.pojo;
import java.util.List;
public class Category {
private int id;
private String name;
List<Product> products;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public List<Product> getProducts() {
return products;
}
public void setProducts(List<Product> products) {
this.products = products;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Category [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
5、修改Category.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<resultMap type="Category" id="categoryBean">
<id column="cid" property="id" />
<result column="cname" property="name" />
<!-- 一对多的关系 -->
<!-- property: 指的是集合属性的值, ofType:指的是集合中元素的类型 -->
<collection property="products" ofType="Product">
<id column="pid" property="id" />
<result column="pname" property="name" />
<result column="price" property="price" />
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 关联查询分类和产品表 -->
<select id="listCategory" resultMap="categoryBean">
select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid
</select>
</mapper>
- 通过left join关联查询,对Category和Product表进行关联查询。
- 与前面学习的有所区别,这里不是用的resultType, 而是通过resultMap进行字段和属性的对应,通过resultMap把数据取出来放在对应的对象属性里。
- 使用collection 进行一对多关系关联
- 注: Category的id 字段和Product的id字段同名,Mybatis不知道谁是谁的,所以需要通过取别名cid,pid来区分。name字段同理。
6、测试
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
List<Category> cs = session.selectList("listCategory");
for (Category c : cs) {
System.out.println(c);
List<Product> ps = c.getProducts();
for (Product p : ps) {
System.out.println("\t"+p);
}
}
session.commit();
session.close();
}
运行结果:
多对一
1、修改修改Product实体类
为Product增加category属性
public class Product {
...
private Category category;
public Category getCategory() {
return category;
}
public void setCategory(Category category) {
this.category = category;
}
...
}
2、创建Product.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<resultMap type="Product" id="productBean">
<id column="pid" property="id" />
<result column="pname" property="name" />
<result column="price" property="price" />
<!-- 多对一的关系 -->
<!-- property: 指的是属性名称, javaType:指的是属性的类型 -->
<association property="category" javaType="Category">
<id column="cid" property="id"/>
<result column="cname" property="name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 根据id查询Product, 关联将Orders查询出来 -->
<select id="listProduct" resultMap="productBean">
select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname' from category_ c left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid
</select>
</mapper>
- 提供Product.xml,通过listProduct配置关联查询的sql语句。
- 然后通过resultMap ,进行字段和属性的对应。
- 使用association 进行多对一关系关联,指定表字段名称与对象属性名称的一一对应关系
3、在mybatis-config.xml中增加对于Product.xml的映射
...
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Product.xml"/>
</mappers>
...
4、测试
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
List<Product> ps = session.selectList("listProduct");
for (Product p : ps) {
System.out.println(p+" 对应的分类是 \t "+ p.getCategory());
}
session.commit();
session.close();
}
运行结果:
多对多
这里以订单Order和产品Product为例:
- 一张订单里 可以包含多种产品
- 一种产品 可以出现在多张订单里
这就是多对多关系。为了维系多对多关系,必须要一个中间表。 在这里我们使用订单项(OrderItem)表来作为中间表
1、创建表order_和order_item_
create table order_ (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
code varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
create table order_item_(
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
oid int ,
pid int ,
number int ,
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2、导入数据
之前已经有Product数据了,这里就只准备订单数据和订单项数据:
- 插入两个订单
- 插入6条订单项数据,建立如下关系
- 订单1对应产品 1,2,3
- 订单2对应产品 2,3,4
INSERT INTO order_ VALUES (1,'code000A');
INSERT INTO order_ VALUES (2,'code000B');
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 1, 1, 100);
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 1, 2, 100);
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 1, 3, 100);
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 2, 2, 100);
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 2, 3, 100);
INSERT INTO order_item_ VALUES (null, 2, 4, 100);
3、实体类
Order类:
package com.how2java.pojo;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private int id;
private String code;
List<OrderItem> orderItems;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
}
OrderItem类:
package com.how2java.pojo;
public class OrderItem {
private int id;
private int number;
private Order order;
private Product product;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Product getProduct() {
return product;
}
public void setProduct(Product product) {
this.product = product;
}
}
4、映射文件
Order.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<resultMap type="Order" id="orderBean">
<id column="oid" property="id" />
<result column="code" property="code" />
<collection property="orderItems" ofType="OrderItem">
<id column="oiid" property="id" />
<result column="number" property="number" />
<association property="product" javaType="Product">
<id column="pid" property="id"/>
<result column="pname" property="name"/>
<result column="price" property="price"/>
</association>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="listOrder" resultMap="orderBean">
select o.*,p.*,oi.*, o.id 'oid', p.id 'pid', oi.id 'oiid', p.name 'pname'
from order_ o
left join order_item_ oi on o.id =oi.oid
left join product_ p on p.id = oi.pid
</select>
<select id="getOrder" resultMap="orderBean">
select o.*,p.*,oi.*, o.id 'oid', p.id 'pid', oi.id 'oiid', p.name 'pname'
from order_ o
left join order_item_ oi on o.id =oi.oid
left join product_ p on p.id = oi.pid
where o.id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
OrderItem.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<insert id="addOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem">
insert into order_item_
values(null,#{order.id},#{product.id},#{number})
</insert>
<delete id="deleteOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem">
delete from order_item_
where oid = #{order.id} and pid = #{product.id}
</delete>
</mapper>
Product.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.how2java.pojo">
<resultMap type="Product" id="productBean">
<id column="pid" property="id" />
<result column="pname" property="name" />
<result column="price" property="price" />
<!-- 多对一的关系 -->
<!-- property: 指的是属性名称, javaType:指的是属性的类型 -->
<association property="category" javaType="Category">
<id column="cid" property="id"/>
<result column="cname" property="name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 根据id查询Product, 关联将Orders查询出来 -->
<select id="listProduct" resultMap="productBean">
select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname'
from category_ c
left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid
</select>
<select id="getProduct" resultMap="productBean">
select c.*, p.*, c.id 'cid', p.id 'pid', c.name 'cname', p.name 'pname'
from category_ c
left join product_ p on c.id = p.cid
where p.id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
5、修改mybatis-config.xml
添加对于Order.xml和OrderItem的映射
...
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Category.xml"/>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Product.xml"/>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/Order.xml"/>
<mapper resource="com/how2java/pojo/OrderItem.xml"/>
</mappers>
...
6、查询操作
联合order_, order_item_, product_ 三张表进行查询:
<select id="listOrder" resultMap="orderBean">
select o.*,p.*,oi.*, o.id 'oid', p.id 'pid', oi.id 'oiid', p.name 'pname'
from order_ o
left join order_item_ oi on o.id =oi.oid
left join product_ p on p.id = oi.pid
</select>
查询结果 id和code字段放在Order对象里, 然后通过一对多的collection标签把oiid和number放在OrderItem对象里,最后通过多对一的association标签把pid,pname,price放进Product对象里。
<resultMap type="Order" id="orderBean">
<id column="oid" property="id" />
<result column="code" property="code" />
<collection property="orderItems" ofType="OrderItem">
<id column="oiid" property="id" />
<result column="number" property="number" />
<association property="product" javaType="Product">
<id column="pid" property="id"/>
<result column="pname" property="name"/>
<result column="price" property="price"/>
</association>
</collection>
</resultMap>
测试代码:
private static void listOrder(SqlSession session) {
List<Order> os = session.selectList("listOrder");
for (Order o : os) {
System.out.println(o.getCode());
List<OrderItem> ois= o.getOrderItems();
for (OrderItem oi : ois) {
System.out.format("\t%s\t%f\t%d%n", oi.getProduct().getName(),oi.getProduct().getPrice(),oi.getNumber());
}
}
}
运行结果:
7、建立关系
所谓建立关系,就是在OrderItem插入一条记录。
让订单000A和产品z建立了关系:首先通过id分别获取Ordre对象和Product对象,然后创建一个新的OrderItem对象,接着设置Order,设置Product,设置数量,最后调用”addOrderItem” 对应的sql语句插入数据。
private static void addOrderItem(SqlSession session) {
Order o1 = session.selectOne("getOrder",1);
Product p6 = session.selectOne("getProduct",6);
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProduct(p6);
oi.setOrder(o1);
oi.setNumber(200);
session.insert("addOrderItem", oi);
}
addOrderItem调用insert into 语句插入一条OrderItem记录:
<insert id="addOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem">
insert into order_item_
values(null,#{order.id},#{product.id},#{number})
</insert>
8、删除关系
所谓的删除关系,就是删除掉OrderItem记录。
private static void deleteOrderItem(SqlSession session) {
Order o1 = session.selectOne("getOrder",1);
Product p6 = session.selectOne("getProduct",6);
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProduct(p6);
oi.setOrder(o1);
session.delete("deleteOrderItem", oi);
}
deleteOrderItem调用delete from 语句删除一条OrderItem记录:
<delete id="deleteOrderItem" parameterType="OrderItem">
delete from order_item_
where oid = #{order.id} and pid = #{product.id}
</delete>
9、修改关系
多对多不存在修改关系的做法,就是删除旧的,然后新增一条即达到修改的效果。