find及find_if的使用及其源码剖析

所在头文件
#include <algorithm>
注：自定义类要使用find与find_if函数需要重载==运算符函数

find

函数说明

寻找指向与value相等的元素

函数声明

template <class InputIt, class T >
InputIt find( InputIt first, InputIt last, const T & value);
template< class InputIt, class T >
constexpr InputIt find( InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value );

返回值

返回一个指向与value相等元素的迭代器

底层实现

//version1
template<class InputIt, class T>
constexpr InputIt find(InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        if (*first == value) {
            return first;
        }
    }
    return last;
}

//version2
template<typename _InputIterator, typename _Tp>
    inline _InputIterator
    find(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
   const _Tp& __val)
    {
      // concept requirements
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
      __glibcxx_function_requires(_EqualOpConcept<
    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type, _Tp>)
      __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);
      return std::__find_if(__first, __last,
          __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_equals_val(__val));
    }

以下四行为合法性判断

__glibcxx_function_requires(_InputIteratorConcept<_InputIterator>)
__glibcxx_function_requires(_EqualOpConcept<
typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type, _Tp>)
__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__first, __last);

在version2的实现中，find的实现调用了find_if

return std::__find_if(__first, __last,
          __gnu_cxx::__ops::__iter_equals_val(__val));

iter_equals_val为一个返回值为bool类型的函数对象，其实现为

template<typename _Value>
    inline _Iter_equals_val<_Value>
    __iter_equals_val(_Value& __val)
    { return _Iter_equals_val<_Value>(__val); }

  template<typename _Iterator1>
    struct _Iter_equals_iter
    {
      _Iterator1 _M_it1;

      explicit
      _Iter_equals_iter(_Iterator1 __it1)
  : _M_it1(__it1)
      { }

      template<typename _Iterator2>
  bool
  operator()(_Iterator2 __it2)
  { return *__it2 == *_M_it1; }
  };

函数调用运算符调用了容器内类的==运算符函数，因此若为自定义类需要重载==运算符

operator()(_Iterator2 __it2)
{ return *__it2 == *_M_it1; }

实例

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3, 4};
    int n1 = 3;
    int n2 = 5;
    auto is_even = [](int i){ return i%2 == 0; };
 
    auto result1 = std::find(begin(v), end(v), n1);
    auto result2 = std::find(begin(v), end(v), n2);
    auto result3 = std::find_if(begin(v), end(v), is_even);
 
    (result1 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains " << n1 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain " << n1 << '\n';
 
    (result2 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains " << n2 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain " << n2 << '\n';
 
    (result3 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains an even number: " << *result3 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain even numbers\n";
}

find_if

函数说明

寻找第一个指向符合断言函数的元素

函数声明

template <class InputIterator, class UnaryPredicate>
   InputIterator find_if (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, UnaryPredicate pred);

返回值

返回指向第一个符合断言函数元素的迭代器

底层实现

template<class InputIt, class UnaryPredicate>
constexpr InputIt find_if(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPredicate p)
{
    //遍历整个容器，若出现符合断言函数条件的元素，直接返回其迭代器
    for (; first != last; ++first) {
        if (p(*first)) {   
            return first;
        }
    }
    return last;
}

实例

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v{1, 2, 3, 4};
    int n1 = 3;
    int n2 = 5;
    auto is_even = [](int i){ return i%2 == 0; };
 
    auto result1 = std::find(begin(v), end(v), n1);
    auto result2 = std::find(begin(v), end(v), n2);
    auto result3 = std::find_if(begin(v), end(v), is_even);
 
    (result1 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains " << n1 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain " << n1 << '\n';
 
    (result2 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains " << n2 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain " << n2 << '\n';
 
    (result3 != std::end(v))
        ? std::cout << "v contains an even number: " << *result3 << '\n'
        : std::cout << "v does not contain even numbers\n";
}