centos7 下redis安装,配置,开机启动

一、安装redis

第一步:下载redis安装包
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.6.tar.gz

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ local]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.6.tar.gz
--2017-12-13 12:35:12--  http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.6.tar.gz
Resolving download.redis.io (download.redis.io)... 109.74.203.151
Connecting to download.redis.io (download.redis.io)|109.74.203.151|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1723533 (1.6M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘redis-4.0.6.tar.gz’

100%[==========================================================================================================>] 1,723,533    608KB/s   in 2.8s   

2017-12-13 12:35:15 (608 KB/s) - ‘redis-4.0.6.tar.gz’ saved [1723533/1723533]

第二步:解压压缩包
tar -zxvf redis-4.0.6.tar.gz

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ local]# tar -zxvf redis-4.0.6.tar.gz

第三步:yum安装gcc依赖
yum install gcc

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ local]# yum install gcc

遇到选择,输入y即可

第四步:跳转到redis解压目录下
cd redis-4.0.6

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ local]# cd redis-4.0.6

第五步:编译安装
执行:make MALLOC=libc

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ redis-4.0.6]# make MALLOC=libc

将/usr/local/redis-4.0.6/src目录下的文件加到/usr/local/bin目录
执行:cd src && make install

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ redis-4.0.6]# cd src && make install
    CC Makefile.dep

Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ;)

    INSTALL install
    INSTALL install
    INSTALL install
    INSTALL install
    INSTALL install

二、启动redis的三种方式

先切换到redis src目录下

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ redis-4.0.6]# cd src

1、直接启动redis
./redis-server

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ src]# ./redis-server
18685:C 13 Dec 12:56:12.507 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
18685:C 13 Dec 12:56:12.507 # Redis version=4.0.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=18685, just started
18685:C 13 Dec 12:56:12.507 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ''-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 4.0.6 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                   
 (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 18685
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io        
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                       
          `-._        _.-'                                           
              `-.__.-'                                               

18685:M 13 Dec 12:56:12.508 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
18685:M 13 Dec 12:56:12.508 # Server initialized
18685:M 13 Dec 12:56:12.508 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
18685:M 13 Dec 12:56:12.508 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
18685:M 13 Dec 12:56:12.508 * Ready to accept connections

如上图:redis启动成功,但是这种启动方式需要一直打开窗口,不能进行其他操作,不太方便。
按 ctrl + c可以关闭窗口。

2、以后台进程方式启动redis
第一步:修改redis.conf文件

daemonize no
修改为 daemonize yes

第二步:指定redis.conf文件启动

./redis-server /usr/local/redis-4.0.6/redis.conf
[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ src]# ./redis-server /usr/local/redis-4.0.6/redis.conf 
18713:C 13 Dec 13:07:41.109 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
18713:C 13 Dec 13:07:41.109 # Redis version=4.0.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=18713, just started
18713:C 13 Dec 13:07:41.109 # Configuration loaded

第三步:关闭redis进程

首先使用ps -aux | grep redis查看redis进程

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ src]# ps -aux | grep redis
root     18714  0.0  0.1 141752  2008 ?        Ssl  13:07   0:00 ./redis-server 127.0.0.1:6379
root     18719  0.0  0.0 112644   968 pts/0    R+   13:09   0:00 grep --color=auto redis

使用kill命令杀死进程

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ src]# kill -9 18714

3、设置redis开机自启动
1、在/etc目录下新建redis目录
mkdir redis

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ etc]# mkdir redis

2、将/usr/local/redis-4.0.6/redis.conf 文件复制一份到/etc/redis目录下,并命名为6379.conf

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ redis]# cp /usr/local/redis-4.0.6/redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf

3、将redis的启动脚本复制一份放到/etc/init.d目录下

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ init.d]# cp /usr/local/redis-4.0.6/utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redisd

4、设置redis开机自启动
先切换到/etc/init.d目录下
然后执行自启命令

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ init.d]# chkconfig redisd on
service redisd does not support chkconfig 

看结果是redisd不支持chkconfig

解决方法:
使用vim编辑redisd文件,在第一行加入如下两行注释,保存退出

# chkconfig:   2345 90 10
# description:  Redis is a persistent key-value database

注释的意思是,redis服务必须在运行级2,3,4,5下被启动或关闭,启动的优先级是90,关闭的优先级是10。

再次执行开机自启命令,成功

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ init.d]# chkconfig redisd on

现在可以直接已服务的形式启动和关闭redis了

启动:
service redisd start

[root@izwz991stxdwj560bfmadtz ~]# service redisd start
Starting Redis server...
2288:C 13 Dec 13:51:38.087 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
2288:C 13 Dec 13:51:38.087 # Redis version=4.0.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=2288, just started
2288:C 13 Dec 13:51:38.087 # Configuration loaded

关闭:
service redisd stop

[root@izwz991stxdwj560bfmadtz ~]# service redisd stop
Stopping ...
Redis stopped

如果出现如下问题:

[root@iZwz991stxdwj560bfmadtZ ~]# service redisd start
/var/run/redis_6379.pid exists, process is already running or crashed

引起这类问题一般都是强制关掉电源或断电造成的,也是没等linux正常关机
科学的处理办法2种
1:可用安装文件启动 redis-server /etc/redis/6379.conf
2:shutdown -r now 软重启让系统自动恢复下就行了
注:网上的说法不可取,不要改动任何文件,其实什么配置等变化都没有

以上若redis安装和设置都是基于默认,没有密码; 当redis需要设置密码时,需要注意如下操作:

1、在配置文件中设置密码
在redis根目录下配置文件中有参数为:requirepass ; 这个就是配置redis访问密码的参数;
比如 requirepass test123
(Ps:需重启Redis才能生效)
redis的查询速度是非常快的,外部用户一秒内可以尝试多大150K个密码;所以密码要尽量长(对于DBA 没有必要必须记住密码);

2、不重启Redis设置密码
在配置文件中配置requirepass的密码(当redis重启时密码依然有效)。

 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> config set requirepass test123

查询密码:

 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
   (error) ERR operation not permitted

密码验证:

 redis 127.0.0.1:6379> auth test123
   OK

再次查询:

   redis 127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
   1) "requirepass"
   2) "test123"

PS:如果配置文件中没添加密码 那么redis重启后,密码失效;

3、登陆有密码的Redis:

在登录的时候的时候输入密码:

 redis-cli -p 6379 -a test123

先登陆后验证:

    redis-cli -p 6379
    redis 127.0.0.1:6379> auth test123
   OK

AUTH命令跟其他redis命令一样,是没有加密的;阻止不了攻击者在网络上窃取你的密码;

认证层的目标是提供多一层的保护。如果防火墙或者用来保护redis的系统防御外部攻击失败的话,外部用户如果没有通过密码认证还是无法访问redis的。

另外还要注意一个问题:

Redis服务器设置密码后使用service redis stop报错
错误如下:

[root@H28M opt]# service  redis stop

Stopping ...

(error) NOAUTH Authentication required.

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

Waiting for Redis to shutdown ...

出现这样的错误信息,redis 这时是没有停止服务的。

可以使用ps -ef | grep redis 查进程号 然后kill 掉,如果在deamon下还需要去删除pid文件,有点繁琐。

解决办法:

修改redis服务脚本,加入如下所示的红色授权信息即可:

vi /etc/init.d/redis

$CLIEXEC -a "youpassword" -p $REDISPORT shutdown

或是自己添加个密码变量,直接引用如下:

vi /etc/init.d/redis

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 80 90
#
# Simple Redis init.d script conceived towork on Linux systems
# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.
 
REDISPORT=6389
EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
RESDISPASSWORD=red29
 
PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid
CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf"
 
case "$1" in
   start)
       if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
       then
                echo "$PIDFILE exists,process is already running or crashed"
       else
                echo "Starting Redisserver..."
                $EXEC $CONF &
       fi
       ;;
   stop)
       if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
       then
                echo "$PIDFILE does notexist, process is not running"
       else
                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
                echo "Stopping ..."
                $CLIEXEC -a $RESDISPASSWORD -p$REDISPORT shutdown
                while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
                do
                    echo "Waiting forRedis to shutdown ..."
                    sleep 1
                done
                echo "Redis stopped"
       fi
       ;;
   *)
       echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"
       ;;
esac

参考文献:
https://www.cnblogs.com/zuidongfeng/p/8032505.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_30831935/article/details/94356584
https://www.cnblogs.com/suanshun/p/7699084.html

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