ContentProvider

1、ContentProvider，内容提供者
功能：向其他的应用程序提供数据访问的接口,一般使用在产品线内的多个应用程序，比如QQ和微信之间的数据共享，qq和其他应用程序可以访问手机联系人

2、ContentProvider，负责将数据暴露给其他的应用程序，可以暴露任何资源数据，通常暴露数据库文件

ContentResolver,内容解析器，负责解析ContentProvider暴露的数据

3、URI，统一资源标识符,通过URI可以找到应用程序暴露的数据

http://localhost:8080/web/index.html

content://sms
content://call_log/calls
content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts

4/短信的数据库
data/data/com.android.provides.telephony/database/mmssms.db

权限：
READ_SMS
WRITE_SMS

Cursor c = resolver.query(Uri.parse(uriStr), new String[] { "_id",
"address", "date", "type", "body" }, null, null, null);

短信类型：1（接收），2（发送），3（草稿）

5、通话记录
data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/database/contacts2.db

权限：READ_CALL_LOG

Cursor c = getContentResolver().query(Uri.parse(uriStr),
new String[] { "_id", "name", "number", "date", "type" }, null,null, null);

通话类型：1（拨入），2（拨出），3（未接）

6、查询联系人
data/data/com.android.providers.contacts/database/contacts2.db

raw_contacts：可以查询联系人总数，联系人的主键(_id),display_name
data:存储联系人的具体信息

7、自定义ContentProvider
  a:
    创建子类继承ContentProvider,在子类中对数据库进行crud操作

  b:
    UriMatcher,Uri匹配器
    添加Uri

    uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);

    uriMatcher.addURI("com.qf.mycontentprovider", "query", QUERYCODE);

  c:重写crud方法，先判断uri匹配是否成功
  if (uriMatcher.match(uri) == QUERYCODE)

  d:在清单文件中注册
  <!-- 注册自定义ContentProvider
        android:name:全类名
        android:authorities:授权，权限
        android:exported:是否可以被其他应用程序访问,true,向外暴露数据供其他应用程序访问
        -->
        <provider
            android:name="com.example.day16_provider_custom.MyContentProvider"
            android:authorities="com.qf.mycontentprovider"
            android:exported="true"></provider>

//注意：在访问系统应用程序时，要记得加权限
案例一：
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

 private ListView lv;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);

  String uriStr = "content://sms";

  // 获得内容解析器
  ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
  // uri:数据库资源的地址
  // projection：查询字段的名称
  // selection:查询条件子句，可以使用占位符
  // selectionArgs:用来替代占位符的数据
  // sortOrder：根据某个字段进行排序
  Cursor c = resolver.query(Uri.parse(uriStr), new String[] { "_id","address", "date", "type", "body" }, null, null, null);

  // SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,
  // R.layout.item, c, new String[] { "address", "date", "type",
  // "body" }, new int[] { R.id.tv_address, R.id.tv_date,
  // R.id.tv_type, R.id.tv_body },
  // SimpleCursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);
  MyCursorAdapter adapter = new MyCursorAdapter(this, c,CursorAdapter.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);
  lv.setAdapter(adapter);
 }

 // 创建自定义CursorAdapter
 class MyCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {

  public MyCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor c, int flags) {
   super(context, c, flags);
   // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
  }

  @Override
  public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   return LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item, null);
  }

  @Override
  public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
   // TODO Auto-generated method stub
   TextView tvAddress = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_address);
   TextView tvType = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_type);
   TextView tvDate = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_date);
   TextView tvBody = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_body);

   tvAddress
     .setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("address")));
   tvBody.setText(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("body")));

   // 处理时间
   long date = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex("date"));
   tvDate.setText(parseDate(date));

   // 处理短信类型
   int type = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("type"));
   if (type == 1) {
    tvType.setText("接收");
   } else if (type == 2) {
    tvType.setText("发送");
   } else {
    tvType.setText(type + "");
   }
  }
 }

 public String parseDate(long date) {
  SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
  return sdf.format(new Date(date));
 }
}
//注意在写自定义contentprovider时要在清单文件中注册，四大组件都要注册
案例二：自定义contentprovider

首先需要写一个databaseHelper类：
然后再写一个MyContentProvider来继承contentprovider：
public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

 private DBHelper helper;
 private String table = "person";
 // 定义常量，作为uri的匹配吗
 private static final int QUERYCODE = 1;
 private static final int INSERTCODE = 2;
 private static final int UPDATECODE = 3;
 private static final int DELETECODE = 4;

 // Uri匹配器，或匹配Uri的工具类
 private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;

 static {
  uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
  // 权限
  // 路径
  // 返回值
  uriMatcher.addURI("com.qf.mycontentprovider", "query", QUERYCODE);
  uriMatcher.addURI("com.qf.mycontentprovider", "insert", INSERTCODE);
  uriMatcher.addURI("com.qf.mycontentprovider", "update", UPDATECODE);
  uriMatcher.addURI("com.qf.mycontentprovider", "delete", DELETECODE);
 }

 // 当创建ContentProvider时执行，只执行一次
 @Override
 public boolean onCreate() {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  helper = new DBHelper(getContext());
  return false;
 }

 @Override
 public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
   String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
  Cursor cursor = null;
  if (uriMatcher.match(uri) == QUERYCODE) {
   cursor = db.query(table, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
     null, null, sortOrder);
  }
  return cursor;
 }

 @Override
 public String getType(Uri uri) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return null;
 }

 @Override
 public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  if (uriMatcher.match(uri) == INSERTCODE) {
   SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
   db.insert(table, null, values);
  }
  return null;
 }

 @Override
 public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  int n = 0;
  if (uriMatcher.match(uri) == DELETECODE) {
   SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
   n = db.delete(table, selection, selectionArgs);
  }
  return n;
 }

 @Override
 public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
   String[] selectionArgs) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  int n = 0;
  if (uriMatcher.match(uri) == UPDATECODE) {
   SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
   n = db.update(table, values, selection, selectionArgs);
  }
  return n;
 }

}
另一个应用程序就可以通过url匹配地址来访问上一个应用程序：
在这个应用程序中有三个按钮，增加，删除，修改，对上一个应用程序的数据库进行访问
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

 private String queryStr = "content://com.qf.mycontentprovider/query";
 private String insertStr = "content://com.qf.mycontentprovider/insert";
 private String updateStr = "content://com.qf.mycontentprovider/update";
 private String deleteStr = "content://com.qf.mycontentprovider/delete";

 private ContentResolver res = null;
 private Cursor cursor;
 private ListView lv;
 private SimpleCursorAdapter adapter;

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

  lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
  res = getContentResolver();

  select();

  adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.item, cursor,new String[] { "name", "age" }, new int{R.id.tv_name,R.id.tv_age },cursorAdaptr.FLAG_REGISTER_CONTENT_OBSERVER);
  lv.setAdapter(adapter);
 }

 public void insert(View v) {
  ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
  values.put("name", "zhangsan");
  values.put("age", 20);
  res.insert(Uri.parse(insertStr), values);
  select();
  adapter.swapCursor(cursor);
 }

 public void update(View v) {
  select();
  cursor.moveToFirst();
  ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
  values.put("age", 21);
  res.update(Uri.parse(updateStr), values, "_id=?",
    new String[] { cursor.getInt(0) + "" });

  select();
  adapter.swapCursor(cursor);
 }

 public void delete(View v) {
  select();
  cursor.moveToFirst();
  res.delete(Uri.parse(deleteStr), "_id=?",
    new String[] { cursor.getInt(0) + "" });
  select();
  adapter.swapCursor(cursor);
 }

 public void select() {
  cursor = res.query(Uri.parse(queryStr), null, null, null, null);
 }
}