File存储—外部存储

2、外部存储，sdcard
   案例一：外部存储时一般通用的工具类
   public class SDCardUtils {
 // 判断SDCard是否挂载,true,挂载，false，未挂载
 // Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED,表示sdCard已经挂载
 // Environment.getExternalStorageState(),获得当前sdCard的挂载状态
 public static boolean isMounted() {
  if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment
    .getExternalStorageState())) {
   return true;
  }
  return false;
 }

 // 获得SDCard 的路径
 public static String getSDCardPath() {
  if (isMounted()) {
   return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();
  }
  return null;
 }

 // 获得scCard的大小
 public static long getSize() {
  if (isMounted()) {
   // StatFs,用来计算文件系统存储空间大小的工具类
   StatFs stat = new StatFs(getSDCardPath());

   // 获得块的数量
   // int count = stat.getBlockCount();
   long count = stat.getBlockCountLong();
   // 获得每块的大小
   // int size = stat.getBlockSize();
   long size = stat.getBlockSizeLong();

   return count * size / 1024 / 1024;
  }
  return 0;
 }

 // 获得sdcard可用大小
 public static long getAvailableSize() {
  if (isMounted()) {
   StatFs stat = new StatFs(getSDCardPath());
   // 可用的块数
   long availCount = stat.getAvailableBlocksLong();
   // 块的大小
   long size = stat.getBlockSizeLong();
   return availCount * size / 1024 / 1024;
  }
  return 0;
 }

 // 将文件保存到sdCard
 // data,保存的数据
 // dir,保存的路径
 // fileName，保存的文件名
 public static boolean saveDataIntoSDCard(byte[] data, String dir,
   String fileName) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   // 先判断存储的路径dir是否存在（创建），如果不存在，先创建
   String path = getSDCardPath() + File.separator + dir;
   File file = new File(path);
   if (!file.exists()) {
    file.mkdirs();
   }

   // 如果存在，进行读写操作
   file = new File(path + File.separator + fileName);
   BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
   try {
    bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
    bos.write(data);
    bos.flush();

    return true;
   } catch (Exception e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
    try {
     if (bos != null)
      bos.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
  }
  return false;
 }

 // 读取sdcard的数据
 public static byte[] getDataFromSDCard(String dir, String fileName) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   String path = getSDCardPath() + File.separator + dir
     + File.separator + fileName;
   File file = new File(path);
   if (file.exists()) {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
    BufferedInputStream bis = null;

    try {
     baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
     bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

     byte[] b = new byte[1024 * 8];
     int n = 0;
     while ((n = bis.read(b)) != -1) {
      baos.write(b, 0, n);
      baos.flush();
     }
     return baos.toByteArray();
    } catch (Exception e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
  }
  return null;
 }

 // 根据具体的类型获得公共路径
 public static String getPublicPath(String type) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   return Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(type)
     .getAbsolutePath();
  }
  return null;
 }

 // 保存公共路径下
 public static boolean saveDataIntoSDCardPublic(byte[] data, String type,
   String fileName) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   File file = new File(getPublicPath(type));
   if (!file.exists()) {
    file.mkdirs();
   }
   BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
   try {
    bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(
      file, fileName)));
    bos.write(data, 0, data.length);
    bos.flush();

    return true;
   } catch (Exception e) {
    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
    try {
     if (bos != null)
      bos.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
  }
  return false;
 }

 // 根据上下文，以及路径的类型，返回私有的路径名
 public static String getPrivatePath(Context context, String type) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   return context.getExternalFilesDir(type).getAbsolutePath();
  }
  return null;
 }

 // 保存到私有路径下
 public static boolean saveDataIntoSDCardPrivate(byte[] data,
   Context context, String type, String fileName) {
  if (isMounted()) {
   File file = new File(getPrivatePath(context, type));
   if (!file.exists()) {
    file.mkdirs();
   }

   BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
   try {
    bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(file, fileName)));
    bos.write(data, 0, data.length);
    bos.flush();
    return true;

   } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   } finally {
    try {
     if (bos != null)
      bos.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
  }
  return false;
 }
}
案例二：文件浏览器

acctivity中：
public class MainActivity extends Activity {

 private TextView tvCurrent, tvState;
 private ListView lv;

 private FileAdapter adapter;

 private boolean flag;

 // 存储数据：包括文件名（文件夹名） 和 图片
 private List<Map<String, String>> data = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

  initView();
  // 使用工具类，获得LIstView中显示的数据
  if (SDCardUtils.isMounted()) {
   flag = SDCardUtils.listDirectory(new File(SDCardUtils.getSDCardPat()), data);
  }
  // 设置当前路径
  tvCurrent.setText(SDCardUtils.getSDCardPath());
  // 显示存储状态
  long size = SDCardUtils.getSize();
  long availSize = SDCardUtils.getAvailableSize();
  tvState.setText("总容量：" + size + ",可用容量：" + availSize);

  // 创建并设置适配器
  adapter = new FileAdapter(this, data);
  lv.setAdapter(adapter);
 }

 private void initView() {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  tvCurrent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_current);
  tvState = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_state);
  lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);

  // @android:id/empty",如果是ListActivity，自动添加
  // 如果是普通的Activity，使用该方法添加空视图
  lv.setEmptyView(findViewById(android.R.id.empty));

  // Listview绑定单击事件，点击，进入下一级
  lv.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {

   @Override
   public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
     int position, long id) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    // 组织下一级的路径名,有可能是文件名
    String clickPath = tvCurrent.getText().toString()
      + File.separator + data.get(position).get("name");

    File file = new File(clickPath);
    // 判断该路径是否为文件夹
    if (file.isDirectory()) {
     boolean b = SDCardUtils.listDirectory(file, data);
     if (b) {
      adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
      tvCurrent.setText(clickPath);
     } else {
      Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "文件夹不可访问", 1)
        .show();
     }
    } else {
     // 不同类型的文件使用隐式意图打开
    }

   }
  });
 }

 // 返回上一级按钮
 public void back(View v) {
  // 获得当前路径
  String current = tvCurrent.getText().toString();

  // 判断是否到达根目录
  if (current.equals(SDCardUtils.getSDCardPath())) {
   Toast.makeText(this, "已经到达根目录", 1).show();
  } else {
   File file = new File(current);
   // 获得父目录，上一级
   File parentFile = file.getParentFile();

   // 根据上一级目录，获得内容，并显示
   SDCardUtils.listDirectory(parentFile, data);
   adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
   tvCurrent.setText(parentFile.getAbsolutePath());
  }
 }
}
适配器：
public class FileAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

 private Context context;
 private List<Map<String, String>> data;

 public FileAdapter(Context context, List<Map<String, String>> data) {
  this.context = context;
  this.data = data;
 }

 @Override
 public int getCount() {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return data.size();
 }

 @Override
 public Object getItem(int position) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return data.get(position);
 }

 @Override
 public long getItemId(int position) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  return position;
 }

 @Override
 public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  ViewHolder holder;
  if (convertView == null) {
   holder = new ViewHolder();
   convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,
     null);
   holder.iv = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv);
   holder.tv = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
   convertView.setTag(holder);
  } else {
   holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
  }

  Map<String, String> map = data.get(position);
  holder.tv.setText(map.get("name").toString());

  String type = map.get("type").toString();
  int resId = 0;
  if ("dir".equals(type)) {
   resId = R.drawable.greenpng_016;
  } else if ("file".equals(type)) {
   resId = R.drawable.greenpng_011;
  }
  holder.iv.setImageResource(resId);

  return convertView;
 }

 class ViewHolder {
  TextView tv;
  ImageView iv;
 }
}
外部存储的工具类中再添加一个方法：
        // 遍历某个文件夹下的内容
 // file:文件夹名
 // data:数据的集合
 public static boolean listDirectory(File file,
   List<Map<String, String>> data) {

  // 遍历文件夹下的内容
  File[] files = file.listFiles();
  if (files == null) {// 文件夹为空
   return false;
  }
  // 处理文件夹不为空

  // 清空之前存储的数据
  data.clear();

  for (File f : files) {
   Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
   String fileName = f.getName();// 获得文件名

   String type = "";// 类型，表示文件夹或文件
   if (f.isDirectory()) {
    type = "dir";
   } else if (f.isFile()) {
    type = "file";
   }

   map.put("name", fileName);
   map.put("type", type);
   data.add(map);

  }
  return true;

 }
布局文件中和菜单中的省略。