缓存中间件-mac下Memcache 安装

1.美图

2. 安装 Homebrew

安装 Homebrew

3.安装 memcached

安装前，可以先查找一下，看看有没有：

base) lcc@lcc github$ brew search memcache
==> Formulae
libmemcached                         memcache-top                         memcached                            memcacheq
(base) lcc@lcc github$

说明和关键字memcache相关的有上面这四个，这样就确认了，有我们需要的东西，第一个是客户端，第三个是服务器。

3.1 安装服务器

(base) lcc@lcc github$ brew install memcached
=> Installing dependencies for memcached: libevent
==> Installing memcached dependency: libevent
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/libevent-2.1.11_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/1e/1e14fc34baae0b65cac6d7c75bc5ed0ccb1f6bbaa30c8f0f8477ab8ba85fb3c5?__gda__=exp=1577504066~hmac=62a6
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring libevent-2.1.11_1.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/libevent/2.1.11_1: 1,063 files, 5MB
==> Installing memcached
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/memcached-1.5.20.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring memcached-1.5.20.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
To have launchd start memcached now and restart at login:
  brew services start memcached
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/memcached/bin/memcached
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.5.20: 11 files, 221.8KB
==> Caveats
==> memcached
To have launchd start memcached now and restart at login:
  brew services start memcached
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
  /usr/local/opt/memcached/bin/memcached
(base) lcc@lcc github$

从上面安装日志，可以看出:

1. 安装 memcached 前，先安装了其所依赖的 libevent 库
2. 下载的libevent和memcached，被安装到/usr/local/Cellar下面，但是又自动在/usr/local/bin下面建立了软连接，方便使用。

3.2 查看

(base) lcc@lcc github$ which memcached
/usr/local/bin/memcached
(base) lcc@lcc github$

(base) lcc@lcc github$ memcached -h
memcached 1.5.20
-p, --port=<num>          TCP port to listen on (default: 11211)
-U, --udp-port=<num>      UDP port to listen on (default: 0, off)
-s, --unix-socket=<file>  UNIX socket to listen on (disables network support)
-A, --enable-shutdown     enable ascii "shutdown" command
-a, --unix-mask=<mask>    access mask for UNIX socket, in octal (default: 0700)
-l, --listen=<addr>       interface to listen on (default: INADDR_ANY)
-d, --daemon              run as a daemon
-r, --enable-coredumps    maximize core file limit
-u, --user=<user>         assume identity of <username> (only when run as root)
-m, --memory-limit=<num>  item memory in megabytes (default: 64 MB)
-M, --disable-evictions   return error on memory exhausted instead of evicting
-c, --conn-limit=<num>    max simultaneous connections (default: 1024)
-k, --lock-memory         lock down all paged memory
-v, --verbose             verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop)
-vv                       very verbose (also print client commands/responses)
-vvv                      extremely verbose (internal state transitions)
-h, --help                print this help and exit
-i, --license             print memcached and libevent license
-V, --version             print version and exit
-P, --pidfile=<file>      save PID in <file>, only used with -d option
-f, --slab-growth-factor=<num> chunk size growth factor (default: 1.25)
-n, --slab-min-size=<bytes> min space used for key+value+flags (default: 48)
-L, --enable-largepages  try to use large memory pages (if available)
-D <char>     Use <char> as the delimiter between key prefixes and IDs.
              This is used for per-prefix stats reporting. The default is
              ":" (colon). If this option is specified, stats collection
              is turned on automatically; if not, then it may be turned on
              by sending the "stats detail on" command to the server.
-t, --threads=<num>       number of threads to use (default: 4)
-R, --max-reqs-per-event  maximum number of requests per event, limits the
                          requests processed per connection to prevent
                          starvation (default: 20)
-C, --disable-cas         disable use of CAS
-b, --listen-backlog=<num> set the backlog queue limit (default: 1024)
-B, --protocol=<name>     protocol - one of ascii, binary, or auto (default)
-I, --max-item-size=<num> adjusts max item size
                          (default: 1mb, min: 1k, max: 1024m)
-F, --disable-flush-all   disable flush_all command
-X, --disable-dumping     disable stats cachedump and lru_crawler metadump
-Y, --auth-file=<file>    (EXPERIMENTAL) enable ASCII protocol authentication. format:
                          user:pass\nuser2:pass2\n
-e, --memory-file=<file>  (EXPERIMENTAL) mmap a file for item memory.
                          use only in ram disks or persistent memory mounts!
                          enables restartable cache (stop with SIGUSR1)
-o, --extended            comma separated list of extended options
                          most options have a 'no_' prefix to disable
   - maxconns_fast:       immediately close new connections after limit
   - hashpower:           an integer multiplier for how large the hash
                          table should be. normally grows at runtime.
                          set based on "STAT hash_power_level"
   - tail_repair_time:    time in seconds for how long to wait before
                          forcefully killing LRU tail item.
                          disabled by default; very dangerous option.
   - hash_algorithm:      the hash table algorithm
                          default is murmur3 hash. options: jenkins, murmur3
   - lru_crawler:         enable LRU Crawler background thread
   - lru_crawler_sleep:   microseconds to sleep between items
                          default is 100.
   - lru_crawler_tocrawl: max items to crawl per slab per run
                          default is 0 (unlimited)
   - lru_maintainer:      enable new LRU system + background thread
   - hot_lru_pct:         pct of slab memory to reserve for hot lru.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - warm_lru_pct:        pct of slab memory to reserve for warm lru.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - hot_max_factor:      items idle > cold lru age * drop from hot lru.
   - warm_max_factor:     items idle > cold lru age * this drop from warm.
   - temporary_ttl:       TTL's below get separate LRU, can't be evicted.
                          (requires lru_maintainer)
   - idle_timeout:        timeout for idle connections
   - slab_chunk_max:      (EXPERIMENTAL) maximum slab size. use extreme care.
   - watcher_logbuf_size: size in kilobytes of per-watcher write buffer.
   - worker_logbuf_size:  size in kilobytes of per-worker-thread buffer
                          read by background thread, then written to watchers.
   - track_sizes:         enable dynamic reports for 'stats sizes' command.
   - no_hashexpand:       disables hash table expansion (dangerous)
   - modern:              enables options which will be default in future.
             currently: nothing
   - no_modern:           uses defaults of previous major version (1.4.x)
(base) lcc@lcc github$

4.安装 libmemcached

继续安装客户端库：

base) lcc@lcc github$ brew install libmemcached
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/libmemcached-1.0.18_2.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
==> Downloading from https://akamai.bintray.com/0c/0c7902542fe3b047ce0a512296b1ec3e0da3d731fef0cbd5143152ce17d8f778?__gda__=exp=1577504392~hmac=f955
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring libmemcached-1.0.18_2.mojave.bottle.tar.gz
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/libmemcached/1.0.18_2: 231 files, 1.7MB

4.1 启动服务器

先默认参数启动吧：

(base) lcc@lcc github$ /usr/local/bin/memcached -d
(base) lcc@lcc github$

5.测试

5.1 启动 memcached

(base) lcc@lcc github$ /usr/local/bin/memcached  -d -m 2048 -l localhost  -p 11211

这会以守护程序的形式启动 memcached（-d），为其分配 2GB 内存（-m 2048），并指定监听 localhost，即端口 11211。您可以根据需要修改这些值，但以上设置足以完成本文中的练习。接下来，您需要连接到 memcached。您将使用一个简单的 telnet 客户机连接到 memcached 服务器。

具体参数解释如下：

-p 监听的端口
-l 连接的IP地址, 默认是本机
-d start 启动memcached服务
-d restart 重起memcached服务
-d stop|shutdown 关闭正在运行的memcached服务
-d install 安装memcached服务
-d uninstall 卸载memcached服务
-u 以的身份运行 (仅在以root运行的时候有效)
-m 最大内存使用，单位MB。默认64MB
-M 内存耗尽时返回错误，而不是删除项
-c 最大同时连接数，默认是1024
-f 块大小增长因子，默认是1.25
-n 最小分配空间，key+value+flags默认是48
-h 显示帮助

大多数操作系统都提供了内置的 telnet 客户机，但如果您使用的是基于 Windows 的操作系统，则需要下载第三方客户机。我推荐使用 PuTTy。

安装了 telnet 客户机之后，执行清单 4 中的命令：

5.2 连接到 memcached

(base) lcc@lcc github$ telnet localhost 11211
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.

如果一切正常，则应该得到一个 telnet 响应，它会指示 Connected to localhost（已经连接到 localhost）。如果未获得此响应，则应该返回之前的步骤并确保 libevent 和 memcached 的源文件都已成功生成。

6.命令

您现现已经登录到 memcached 服务器。此后，您将能够通过一系列简单的命令来与 memcached 通信。9 个 memcached 客户端命令可以分为三类：

基本
高级
管理

参考：缓存中间件-Memcache命令介绍