springMVC读书笔记--spring启动时web初始化

web启动初始化的时候，重要的两个点：

<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>
		/WEB-INF/spring/base-context.xml
		/WEB-INF/spring/security-context-ajax.xml				
		/WEB-INF/spring/security-context.xml
		</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Spring MVC Dispatcher Servlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>
				/WEB-INF/spring/servlet-context.xml
			</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>Spring MVC Dispatcher Servlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

其中重要的两个类为DispatcherServlet和ContextLoaderListener其中：

1、ContextLoaderListener 初始化，调用initWebApplicationContext方法，初始化设置webApplication的上下文，并将上下文放置servletContext.setAttribute中，初始化的上下文加载的Bean是对于整个应用程序共享的，不管是使用什么表现层技术，一般如DAO层、Service层Bean；
2、DispatcherServlet初始化的上下文加载的Bean是只对Spring Web MVC有效的Bean，如Controller、HandlerMapping、HandlerAdapter等等，该初始化上下文应该只加载Web相关组件

其中，DispatcherServlet的继承关系为：

    DispatcherServlet继承FrameworkServlet，FrameworkServlet继承HttpServletBean，HttpServletBean继承至HttpServlet

1、HttpServletBean继承HttpServlet，容器初始化时先调用HttpServletBean覆盖父类的的init方法

     

@Override
	public final void init() throws ServletException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}

		// Set bean properties from init parameters.
		try {
			PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
			BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
			bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
			throw ex;
		}

		// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
		initServletBean();

		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
		}
	}

    在其中做的事情包括：

将Servlet初始化参数（init-param）设置到该组件上（如contextAttribute、contextClass、namespace、contextConfigLocation），通过BeanWrapper简化设值过程，方便后续使用；提供给子类初始化扩展点，initServletBean()，该方法由FrameworkServlet覆盖。

2、FrameworkServlet继承HttpServletBean，调用initServletBean()方法

   

@Override
	protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
		getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
		}
		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

		try {
			this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
			initFrameworkServlet();
		}
		catch (ServletException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (RuntimeException ex) {
			this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
			throw ex;
		}

		if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
			long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
			this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
					elapsedTime + " ms");
		}
	}

/**
	 * Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
	 * <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
	 * of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
	 * @return the WebApplicationContext instance
	 * @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
	 * @see #setContextClass
	 * @see #setContextConfigLocation
	 */
	protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
		WebApplicationContext wac = null;

		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
			// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
					// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
						// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
						// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
				}
			}
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
			// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
			// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
			// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
		}

		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
			// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
			// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
			// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
			onRefresh(wac);
		}

		if (this.publishContext) {
			// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
			if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
						"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
			}
		}

		return wac;
	}

其中做的事包括：初始化web上下文（ initWebApplicationContext(）方法中调用onRefresh(wac)方法，该方法在子类DispatcherServlet中进行覆盖)；设置子类扩展覆盖方法initFrameworkServlet()

从initWebApplicationContext（）方法可以看出，基本上如果ContextLoaderListener加载了上下文将作为根上下文（DispatcherServlet的父容器）

3、DispatcherServlet继承FrameworkServlet，调用onRefresh()方法

/**
	 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		initStrategies(context);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
	 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
	 */
	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

其中做的事情包括 初始化默认的Spring Web MVC框架使用的策略（如HandlerMapping）