学习python：语法（一）

python的一些语法

1 . 通过下标遍历tuple、list、dict

vowels='aejouy';
for i in 'powerful':
    if i in vowels:
        print(i)
words=('cool','powerful','readable');
for i in range(0,len(words)):
    print((i,words[i]))
d={'a':1,'b':1.2,'c':1j};
for key,val in sorted(d.items()):
    print('key: %s has value: %s' % (key,val))

o
e
u
(0, 'cool')
(1, 'powerful')
(2, 'readable')
key: a has value: 1
key: b has value: 1.2
key: c has value: 1j

2 . 通过公式 $\pi=2\prod\limits_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{4i^2}{4i^2-1}$ 求$\pi$

pi=1;
for i in range(1,30000):
    pi=pi*4*i**2/(4*i**2-1);
2*pi

3.141566473323762

3 . python全局变量

x=5;
def addx(y):
    return x+y
def setx(y):
    x=y
    print('x is %d' % x)
def setxx(y):
    global x #访问全局变量x
    x=y
    print('x is %d' % x)
addx(10)
setx(10)
print(x)
setxx(10)
print(x)

x is 10
5
x is 10
10

4 . 函数参数(不定长度的list,tuple,dict)

def variable_args(*args,**kwargs): #需要加上*
    print ('args is', args)
    print ('kwargs is', kwargs)
variable_args(1,2,3,'a','b',x=1,y=2)

args is (1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b')
kwargs is {'x': 1, 'y': 2}

5 . 函数帮助文档

def funcname(params):
    """Concise one-line sentence describing the function
    Extended summary which can contain multiple paragraphs.
    """
    #function body
    pass
funcname?

6 .import
可以通过 import,import … as…, from … import … 加载模块或模块中的函数、变量

import os
os
os.listdir('../')
#不要使用 from os import *，这使得代码不易阅读，
#不知道函数来自哪里，且可能导致变量覆盖
import numpy as np
np.linspace(0,10,6)

array([  0.,   2.,   4.,   6.,   8.,  10.])

import scipy
print(scipy.__file__)
print(scipy.__version__)

F:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\scipy\__init__.py
0.19.1

参考
scipy-lectures