python 爬虫 自建免费的代理IP池解决方案

python 爬虫 自建免费的代理IP池解决方案

动态设置ip代理

• 爬取西刺免费代理IP

def crawl_ips():
headers = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36"}
for i in range(2000):
    re = requests.get("http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/{0}".format(i), headers=headers)

    selector = Selector(text=re.text)
    all_trs = selector.css("#ip_list tr")


    ip_list = []
    for tr in all_trs[1:]:  # 第零个tr是标题，所以从第一个开始取
        speed_str = tr.css(".bar::attr(title)").extract()[0]
        if speed_str:
            speed = float(speed_str.split("秒")[0])
        all_texts = tr.css("td::text").extract()

        ip = all_texts[0]
        port = all_texts[1]
        proxy_type = all_texts[5]

        ip_list.append((ip, port, proxy_type, speed))

    for ip_info in ip_list:
        cursor.execute(
            "insert proxy_ip(ip, port, speed, proxy_type) VALUES('{0}', '{1}', {2}, 'HTTP')".format(
                ip_info[0], ip_info[1], ip_info[3]
            )
        )

        conn.commit()

• 从数据库中删除无效的ip

    def delete_ip(self, ip):
        delete_sql = """
            delete from proxy_ip where ip='{0}'
        """.format(ip)
        cursor.execute(delete_sql)
        conn.commit()
        return True

• 判断ip是否可用

    def judge_ip(self, ip, port):
        http_url = "http://www.baidu.com"
        proxy_url = "http://{0}:{1}".format(ip, port)
        try:
            proxy_dict = {
                "http":proxy_url,
            }
            response = requests.get(http_url, proxies=proxy_dict)
        except Exception as e:
            print ("invalid ip and port")
            self.delete_ip(ip)
            return False
        else:
            code = response.status_code
            if code >= 200 and code < 300:
                print ("effective ip")
                return True
            else:
                print  ("invalid ip and port")
                self.delete_ip(ip)
                return False

• 从数据库中随机获取一个可用的ip

    def get_random_ip(self):
        #从数据库中随机获取一个可用的ip
        random_sql = """
              SELECT ip, port FROM proxy_ip
            ORDER BY RAND()
            LIMIT 1
            """
        result = cursor.execute(random_sql)
        for ip_info in cursor.fetchall(): # cursor.fetchall() 返回值是一个元组
            ip = ip_info[0]
            port = ip_info[1]

            judge_re = self.judge_ip(ip, port)
            if judge_re:
                return "http://{0}:{1}".format(ip, port)
            else:
                return self.get_random_ip()

• 设置代理IP

class RandomProxyMiddleware(object):
    #动态设置ip代理
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        get_ip = GetIP()
        request.meta["proxy"] = get_ip.get_random_ip()