SpringCloud（3）Ribbon与Feign

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-08 17:29:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-02-08 17:29:53 发布

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分类专栏： springcloud

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21907023/article/details/103916054

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序言

我们之前虽然已经用Rureka搭建好了注册中心，并且我们的生产者也已经在注册中心注册了，但是消费者还是一样直接向服务提供者发送请求拿取数据，所以今天我们就需要用Ribbon来实现消费者不直接请求生产者拿数据，而是向注册中心请求拿数据

Ribbon

Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时，Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。

在这里插入图片描述
初步应用
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡，所以肯定集成再消费端，也就是consumer端
我们修改上回的microservice-book-consumer-80
pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖

<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.swx.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.swx.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.swx.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者；
SpringCloudConfig也改成要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced

package com.swx.microservicebookconsumer80.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * 与生产者交互
 */
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

因为和eureka整合，所以启动类加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient

package com.swx.microservicebookconsumer80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceBookConsumer80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceBookConsumer80Application.class, args);
    }

}

在服务提供者microservice-book-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置，指定下应用名称：

  application:
    name: microservice-book

修改下消费者BookController的PRE_HOST，改成指定的微服务应用名称；
在这里插入图片描述

private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-BOOK";

上面配置好后，我们可以测试下；
先启动三个eureka，然后再启动服务提供者，再启动服务消费者；
在这里插入图片描述

Ribbon负载均衡

按照它microservice-book-provider-1001建立一个microservice-book-provider子项目，然后将microservice-book-provider-1001这个子项目干掉；

前面搭建了初步例子，但是还没实现真正负载均衡，我们这里为了方便，就搞个集群好了：

pom依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.swx</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-book-provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.swx</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Yml文件

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-book
  profiles: provider-1001
eureka:
  instance:
    #eureka客户端主机实例名称
    hostname: localhost
    #客户端服务名
    appname: microservice-book
    #客户端实例名称
    instance-id: microservice-book:1001
    #显示IP
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      # 单机 defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.swx.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.swx.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.swx.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.swx.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-book-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://lentter.com
  phone: 130******

---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-book
  profiles: provider-1002
eureka:
  instance:
    #eureka客户端主机实例名称
    hostname: localhost
    #客户端服务名
    appname: microservice-book
    #客户端实例名称
    instance-id: microservice-book:1002
    #显示IP
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      # 单机 defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.swx.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.swx.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.swx.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.swx.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-book-provider-1002
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://lentter.com
  phone: 130******

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-book
  profiles: provider-1003
eureka:
  instance:
    #eureka客户端主机实例名称
    hostname: localhost
    #客户端服务名
    appname: microservice-book
    #客户端实例名称
    instance-id: microservice-book:1003
    #显示IP
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      # 单机 defaultZone: http://localhost:2001/eureka   #把服务注册到eureka注册中心
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.swx.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.swx.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.swx.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.swx.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-book-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://lentter.com
  phone: 130******

启动类

package com.swx.microservicebookprovider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EntityScan("com.swx.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceBookProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceBookProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

然后在消费者microservice-book-consumer-80的controller中加上测试方法

   @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/book/ribbon", String.class);
    }

生产者controller中：

 @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;
	
	 @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
    }

然后启动测试一下：
在这里插入图片描述

我们可以在页面的请求看到，我们每次刷新请求都会换一个端口，说明它并不是固定访问一个端口的，是有默认的轮询策略，访问对应的服务提供者；
但是这种默认的轮询策略肯定是不能满足实际需求的，比如有3个服务提供者，突然挂了一个，这样的话，默认轮询，总有1/3的概率访问失败；
这里我们采用：
在SpringCloudConfig中加一个配置即可

/**
     * 自定义轮询算法
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
    }

Feign简介及应用

声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下；

Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端，它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持，包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持，还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。

这段话看起来比较懵逼，这里说下实际使用，前面Ribbon调用服务提供者，我们通过restTemplate调用，缺点是，多个地方调用，同一个请求要写多次，不方便统一维护，这时候Feign来了，就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient，然后其他调用Controller需要用到的，直接注入service，直接调用service方法即可；同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka，所以要配置负载均衡的话，直接配置Ribbon即可，无其他特殊地方；当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护，断路器Hystrix，后面再说。

应用

1、在common项目里建一个service（实际项目肯定是多个service）作为Feign客户端，用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者，当然可以配置负载均衡；Feign客户端定义的目的，就是为了方便给其他项目调用；
修改 microservice-common
pom.xml引入Feign依赖：

<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>

我们在microservice-common这个项目新建一个BookClienService，提取公共的请求代码

package com.swx.microservicecommon.service;

import com.swx.microservicecommon.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Songwanxi
 * @site www.lentter.club
 * @company
 * @create  2020-01-09 22:50
 * Feign接口客户端
 */
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-BOOK")
public interface BookClientService {
    /**
     * 根据id查询书籍信息
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/book/get/{id}")
    public Book get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    /**
     * 查询书籍信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/book/list")
    public List<Book> list();

    /**
     * 添加或者修改书籍信息
     * @param book
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value="/book/save")
    public boolean save(Book book);

    /**
     * 根据id删除书籍信息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/book/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @RequestMapping("/book/ribbon")
    public String ribbon();
}

新建一个Feign消费者项目
参考microservice-book-consumer-80建一个microservice-book-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份，包括pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.swx</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-book-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.swx</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--ribbon相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
          <!--引入Feign依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

SpringCloudConfig

package com.swx.microservicebookconsumerfeign80.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * 与生产者交互
 */
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
    @LoadBalanced  // 引入ribbon负载均衡
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    /**
     * 自定义轮询算法
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RetryRule();
    }
}

Yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  context-path: /
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.swx.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.swx.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.swx.com:2003/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false

启动类加注解

package com.swx.microservicebookconsumerfeign80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.swx.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceBookConsumerFeign80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceBookConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
    }

}

BookController
这里有点变动：
我们映射请求的已经移到了common里面，所以我们需要加一个方法来请求我们的通用部分
因为现在用Fiegn，所以把restTemplate去掉，改成注入service，调用service方法来实现服务的调用；

package com.swx.microservicebookconsumerfeign80.controller;

import com.swx.microservicecommon.entity.Book;
import com.swx.microservicecommon.service.BookClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Songwanxi
 * @site www.lentter.club
 * @company
 * @create  2020-01-08 11:58
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
//    private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://localhost:1001";
//    private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-BOOK";
    @Autowired
    private BookClientService bookClientService;

//    @Autowired
//    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @PostMapping(value="/save")
    private boolean save(Book book){
        return bookClientService.save(book);
//        return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/book/save", book, Boolean.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/list")
    public List<Book> list(){
        return bookClientService.list();
//        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/book/list", List.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    public Book get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return bookClientService.get(id);
//        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/book/get/"+id, Book.class);
    }

    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        try{
            bookClientService.delete(id);
//            restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/book/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }
    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return bookClientService.ribbon();
//        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/book/ribbon", String.class);
    }
}

测试负载均衡
在这里插入图片描述
以上就是Feign的使用

秃头使我变强

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SpringCloud（3）Ribbon与Feign

文章目录序言RibbonRibbon负载均衡Feign简介及应用应用序言我们之前虽然已经用Rureka搭建好了注册中心，并且我们的生产者也已经在注册中心注册了，但是消费者还是一样直接向服务提供者发送请求拿取数据，所以今天我们就需要用Ribbon来实现消费者不直接请求生产者拿数据，而是向注册中心请求拿数据RibbonRibbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的...
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