Spring设计模式之策略模式Strategy

Spring MVC中用到的Strategy

初始化Spring MVC的每一个组件时，基本流程都是，从IOC容器中获取相应的组件，获取不到，就改从DispatcherServlet.properties中获取默认的实现。这些实现类，是直接通过获取IOC容器中的beanFactory来创建对象，而不是简单通过反射创建对象，否则，创建的对象就不会添加到IOC容器中去，因此封装为getDefaultStrategies()。

	/**
	 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
	 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
	 */
	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Create a List of default strategy objects for the given strategy interface.
	 * <p>The default implementation uses the "DispatcherServlet.properties" file (in the same
	 * package as the DispatcherServlet class) to determine the class names. It instantiates
	 * the strategy objects through the context's BeanFactory.
	 * @param context the current WebApplicationContext
	 * @param strategyInterface the strategy interface
	 * @return the List of corresponding strategy objects
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	protected <T> List<T> getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class<T> strategyInterface) {
		String key = strategyInterface.getName();
		String value = defaultStrategies.getProperty(key);
		if (value != null) {
			String[] classNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(value);
			List<T> strategies = new ArrayList<T>(classNames.length);
			for (String className : classNames) {
				try {
					Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, DispatcherServlet.class.getClassLoader());
					Object strategy = createDefaultStrategy(context, clazz);
					strategies.add((T) strategy);
				}
				catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
					throw new BeanInitializationException(
							"Could not find DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +
									"] for interface [" + key + "]", ex);
				}
				catch (LinkageError err) {
					throw new BeanInitializationException(
							"Error loading DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +
									"] for interface [" + key + "]: problem with class file or dependent class", err);
				}
			}
			return strategies;
		}
		else {
			return new LinkedList<T>();
		}
	}

initHandlerMappings中的策略使用

当通过IOC容器找不到实现HandlerMapp.class该接口的类时，使用Spring MVC提供的默认的实现类。这些默认的实现类都被定义在DispatcherServlet.properties中。

	/**
	 * Initialize the HandlerMappings used by this class.
	 * <p>If no HandlerMapping beans are defined in the BeanFactory for this namespace,
	 * we default to BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping.
	 */
	private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
		this.handlerMappings = null;

		if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
			// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
			Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
					BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
			if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
				// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
				AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
			}
		}
		else {
			try {
				HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
				this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
			}
		}

		// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
		// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
			this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
			}
		}
	}

总结：
策略模式的使用方式

1. properties存放默认的实现类
2. 提供某个功能的通用接口
3. 优先选择用户自定义的实现，如果获取不到用户自定义的实现，采用默认的实现【通过类加载机制，获取到properties中存放的默认实现，或者利用IOC创建对象，或者利用反射创建对象。取决于策略实现类所对应的的对象是否需要交给Spring容器管理】。