This didn't directly fix it for me, but it lead me to realize that the problem was related to GitBash using Putty for ssh authentication instead of OpenSSH. When I deleted the GIT_SSH system variable and reset GitBash everything works fine. Thanks!
翻译下:把环境变量名为GIT_SSH(还有以SVN开头的)的变量删了(系统和用户的都删),重启下gitbash,再hexo g -d就ok了