Ubuntu 16.04 在线搭建keepalived双机热备

准备：2台服务器（master：172.16.1.200,bakcup:172.16.1.201）。

1、安装依赖。

sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libpopt-dev daemon

2、登录su账户，在root权限下下载安装keepalived，避免因权限导致的问题。

root@root:~$ cd /root  
root@root:~$ wget  https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz

3、解压安装。（注意此处./configure若出现错误导致make失败，可能原因为权限问题，故最好在su账户下进行操作）

root@root:~$ tar -zxf keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz

root@root:~$ cd keepalived-2.0.20

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# make && make install

4、创建配置文件。

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# mkdir /etc/keepalived

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# mkdir /etc/sysconfig

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived  /etc/sysconfig/keepalived#

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/keepalived

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# cp /root/keepalived-2.0.20/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived  /etc/init.d/keepalived

5、配置软连接。

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# mkdir -p  /etc/rc.d/init.d

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# ln -s /lib/lsb/init-functions /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

6、修改配置文件。

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# gedit /etc/init.d/keepalived

start()函数中
start() {
    daemon keepalived ${KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS}
}

修改为daemon -- keepalived ${KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS}  # 加了一个“--”

7、修改keepalived配置文件，配置虚拟IP。

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# gedit /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

修改为：

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
   state MASTER #需为大写MASTER或BACKUP
   interface eth0 #ifconfig确定网卡名称,本机为eth0
   virtual_router_id 50 #路由标识，MASTER和BACKUP的路由标识必须一致
   priority 100 #数字越大则优先级越高，
   #MASTER的优先级必须大于BACKUP的优先级，MASTER故障恢复后则可以将虚拟IP重新抢占
   advert_int 1
   authentication {
       auth_type PASS
       auth_pass 1111
   }
   virtual_ipaddress {  
        172.16.1.88 # 虚拟ip,需与主机配置成同一网段，本服务器主机IP为172.16.1.200
   }
}


keepalive抢占式和非抢占式区别如下：

1、默认配置为抢占式：
master服务挂起，backup服务将会接替，待master服务重新启动后则会将虚拟IP重新抢占。
2、非抢占式：
两台服务器state均配置为BACKUP，在优先级上根据数字大小做区分，若master服务挂起，则backup服务接替，此时BACKUP服务变成MASTER，MASTER服务则变为BACKUP。
a.两个节点的state均为BACKUP(官方建议)
b.两个节点都在vrrp_instance中添加nopreempt
c.其中一个节点的优先级要高于另外一个节点
两台服务器角色都启用了nopreempt后，必须修改角色状态统一为backup，唯一的区别就是优先级不同。

8、启动keepalived服务。

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载服务

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# service keepalived start

root@root:~/root/keepalived-2.0.20# service keepalived status #查看keepalived服务运行状态，为running状态则正常

9、使用其他PC机对虚拟IP进行ping包测试，正常情况下，虚拟IP(172.16.1.88)与主机IP(172.16.1.200)都能正常ping通。

10、备服务器按照上述步骤也安装启动keepalievd服务即可，虚拟IP为配置为172.16.1.88。

11、安装其他服务（tomcat，jetty等web服务）进行热备测试，中断主/从服务器keepalived服务，判断是否能够自动切换。