记录一个springBoot 启动的报错

报错信息：

Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2024-05-16 10:35:51.280 ERROR 3948 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Failed to start bean 'documentationPluginsBootstrapper'; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:182) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.access$200(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:54) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor$LifecycleGroup.start(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:357) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at java.base/java.lang.Iterable.forEach(Iterable.java:75) ~[na:na]
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.startBeans(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:156) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.onRefresh(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:124) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:946) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:594) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:147) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:732) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:409) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:308) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1300) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1289) ~[spring-boot-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
	at com.pc.sz.FileEncryptionAndDecryption.main(FileEncryptionAndDecryption.java:12) ~[main/:na]
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566) ~[na:na]
	at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:50) ~[spring-boot-devtools-2.7.18.jar:2.7.18]
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.getPatterns(WebMvcPatternsRequestConditionWrapper.java:56) ~[springfox-spring-webmvc-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at springfox.documentation.RequestHandler.sortedPaths(RequestHandler.java:113) ~[springfox-core-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.Orderings.lambda$byPatternsCondition$3(Orderings.java:89) ~[springfox-spi-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at java.base/java.util.Comparator.lambda$comparing$77a9974f$1(Comparator.java:469) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.TimSort.countRunAndMakeAscending(TimSort.java:355) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.TimSort.sort(TimSort.java:220) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:1515) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.sort(ArrayList.java:1750) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.SortedOps$RefSortingSink.end(SortedOps.java:392) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.Sink$ChainedReference.end(Sink.java:258) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:485) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:913) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:578) ~[na:na]
	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.requestHandlers(WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider.java:81) ~[springfox-spring-webmvc-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1655) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:913) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234) ~[na:na]
	at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:578) ~[na:na]
	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.withDefaults(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:107) ~[springfox-spring-web-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.buildContext(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:91) ~[springfox-spring-web-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null

	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.bootstrapDocumentationPlugins(AbstractDocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:82) ~[springfox-spring-web-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.start(DocumentationPluginsBootstrapper.java:100) ~[springfox-spring-web-3.0.0.jar:3.0.0]
	at org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor.doStart(DefaultLifecycleProcessor.java:179) ~[spring-context-5.3.31.jar:5.3.31]
	... 19 common frames omitted

通过在网络上面检索找到问题的定位：

发现该报错和升级spring-boot有关，2.5 版本以上的 spring-boot和 swagger 版本不兼容：

看起来最新的spring boot版本2.7与Swagger 2不兼容。有两种解决方法。
1.尝试将springboot版本降级到2.5.0以下（一个简单的解决方法）。
1.将swagger升级到OpenApi，这可能被称为swagger 3。这对注解没有什么变化。通过遵循互联网上提供的指南，您可以轻松地从Swagger 2迁移到OpenApi 3。
升级swagger的第二个解决方案是更好的，因为springfox的swagger 2越来越旧，最新版本于2020年7月发布。OpenApi是最新的API规范。

• 除此之外，可以在代码中加入一个自定义的 processer 解决该问题：

package com.pc.sz.process;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.WebFluxRequestHandlerProvider;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@Configuration
public class SwaggerErrorHandlerProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        if (bean instanceof WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider || bean instanceof WebFluxRequestHandlerProvider) {
            customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(getHandlerMappings(bean));
        }
        return bean;
    }
    private <T extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> void customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings(List<T> mappings) {
        List<T> copy = mappings.stream()
                .filter(mapping -> mapping.getPatternParser() == null)
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        mappings.clear();
        mappings.addAll(copy);
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping> getHandlerMappings(Object bean) {
        try {
            Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(bean.getClass(), "handlerMappings");
            field.setAccessible(true);
            return (List<RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping>) field.get(bean);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
        }
    }

}

这段代码是一个Spring Bean后置处理器（BeanPostProcessor），用于定制Swagger的错误处理器。在postProcessAfterInitialization方法中，首先判断传入的bean是否是WebMvcRequestHandlerProvider或WebFluxRequestHandlerProvider的实例，如果是，则调用getHandlerMappings方法获取其handlerMappings属性的值（即RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping列表），然后调用customizeSpringfoxHandlerMappings方法进行定制化处理。该方 ** 过滤掉PatternParser为null的映射，并重新将处理后的映射列表赋值给原始的handlerMappings属性。
getHandlerMappings方法通过反射获取bean对象的handlerMappings属性的值，并强制转换为List类型返回。整体逻辑可以理解为对Swagger的不符合要求的Handler Mapping进行定制化处理，确保其满足Swagger的需求。

• 导致该报错使用的依赖参考：

buildscript {
    ext {
        springBootVersion = '2.7.18'
    }
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        maven {
            url 'https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/'
        }
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
    }
}

subprojects {
    apply plugin: 'java'
    apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
    apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'

   [compileJava, compileTestJava, javadoc]*.options*.encoding = 'UTF-8'

    configurations {
        developmentOnly
        runtimeClasspath {
            extendsFrom developmentOnly
        }
        compileonly {
            extendsFrom annotationProcessor
        }
    }

    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
        maven {
            url 'https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/'
        }
        maven{
            url'https://developer.huawei.com/repo/'
        }
    }

    dependencies {
        runtimeOnly "mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.29"
        implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.9'
        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-validation"
        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-mail"
        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-cache"
        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-aop"
        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web"

        implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator"
        implementation "io.micrometer:micrometer-registry-prometheus"

        // 该依赖已经包含
        implementation "io.springfox:springfox-boot-starter:3.0.0"
        implementation "com.github.xiaoymin:knife4j-spring-boot-starter:2.0.4"

        implementation "com.bmuschko:gradle-docker-plugin:6.6.1"
        implementation "com.google.guava:guava:32.0.0-jre"
        implementation "net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:1.10.13"
        implementation "org.javassist:javassist:3.27.0-GA"
        implementation 'javax.xml.ws:jaxws-api:2.3.1'

        implementation "com.baomidou:mybatis-plus-boot-starter:3.3.0"
        implementation 'commons-pool:commons-pool:1.5.4'
        implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-pool2'

        implementation 'commons-pool:commons-pool:1.5.4'
        implementation 'org.apache.commons:commons-pool2'
        implementation 'io.opentracing.contrib:opentracing-spring-jaeger-web-starter:3.3.1'
        compileonly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.10'

        annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.10'
        developmentOnly "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools"
        annotationProcessor "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-configuration-processor"
        testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.7.0'
        testCompileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.10'

        testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.10'
        testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:3.6.28'

        //升级Log4j版本
        //implementation "org.apache. Logging. Log4j: Log4j-api:2.15.0"
        //implementation "org.apache. logging.log4j:log4j-core:2.15.0"
    }

    test {
        useJUnitPlatform()
    }
}