Hibernate构建方法

1.写映射文件 实体类名.hbm.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="doamin">
    <class name="AccountEntity" table="account" schema="spring1">
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <!--generator指定主键的生成方式。native是使用本地数据库的自增长能力-->
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" column="name"/>
        <property name="money" column="money"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

2.写核心配置文件  hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
    <!--1.连接数据库的信息-->
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring1</property>
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
    <property name="connection.username">root</property>
    <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
    <!--2.hibernate可选配置-->
    <!--检测实体类的映射配置和数据库的表结构是否一致，如果不一致，更新表结构-->
    <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
    <!--数据库方言-->
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
    <!--是否显示hibernate生成的sql语句-->
    <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    <!--是否使用格式化输出sql语句-->
    <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
    <!--3.设置hibernate的连接池提供商-->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.c3p0.internal.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
    <!--4.映射文件的位置-->
    <mapping class="doamin.AccountEntity"/>
    <mapping resource="doamin/AccountEntity.hbm.xml"/>

  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.1一般简单用法：使用Hibernate操作数据库，将实体对象存入数据库

/**
 * @Author: David.Xiao
 * @Date: 2018/10/11 19:33
 * @Description: 使用Hibernate操作数据库的方法
 *               Configuration 加载配置文件
 *               SessionFactory 线程安全的，一个应用应该只有一个SessionFactory，在应用加载时创建，应用卸载时销毁
 *               Session 负责操作数据库，应用程序与数据库之间交互操作的一个单线程对象（一个线程只能有一个Session）
 *               Transaction 负责提交和回滚事务
 */
public class Test1 {

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        AccountEntity account = new AccountEntity();
        account.setName("kobe");
        account.setMoney(9000.0);
//        1.加载主配置文件
        org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration cfg = new org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration();
//        默认到类的根路径下（maven中是resource）加载cfg.xml配置文件
        cfg.configure();
//        2.根据配置文件创建SessionFactory
        SessionFactory sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
//        3.创建Session
        Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//        4.开启事务
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//        5.执行操作，增
        session.save(account);
//        6.提交事务
        transaction.commit();
//        7.释放资源
        session.close();
        sessionFactory.close();
    }
    
}

操作示例：

增：

        AccountEntity account = new AccountEntity();
        account.setName("kobe");
        account.setMoney(9000.0);
        session.save(account);    

查：id为5的客户

//        查询id为5的客户
        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,5);

改：id为5的客户的Money

        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,5);
        accountEntity.setMoney(7777.0);
        session.update(accountEntity);

删：id为4的客户 

        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,4);
        session.delete(accountEntity);

3.2.实际用法

    3.2.1 创建Hibernate的操作工具类，将SessionFactory对象放在静态代码中创建（即只在初始化类时创建一次），以后每次只需要调用其opensession方法，创建session即可，避免了每执行一次操作都创建一次SessionFactory对象的资源开销

package dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * @Author: David.Xiao
 * @Date: 2018/10/11 21:17
 * @Description:抽取hibernate的工具类
 */
public class HibernateUtil {
    private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory factory;

    static {

        try {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
            configuration.configure();
            factory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (HibernateException e) {
            System.out.println("初始化SessionFactory失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Session openSession()
    {
        return factory.openSession();
    }
}

    3.2.2 操作数据库，增删改查

package dao;
import doamin.AccountEntity;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * @Author: David.Xiao
 * @Date: 2018/10/11 21:28
 * @Description: Hibernate增删改查
 */
public class HibernateUtilTest {
    @Test
    public void testSave()
    {
        AccountEntity accountEntity = new AccountEntity();
        accountEntity.setName("MacGrady");
        accountEntity.setMoney(8000.0);
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(accountEntity);
        tx.commit();
        session.close();

    }
    @Test
    public void testFindOne()
    {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//        查询id为5的客户
        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,5);
        System.out.println(accountEntity.toString());
        tx.commit();
        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testUpdate()
    {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//        修改id为5的客户的Money
        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,5);
        accountEntity.setMoney(7777.0);
        session.update(accountEntity);
        tx.commit();
        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testDelete()
    {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
//        修改id为4的客户
        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,4);
        session.delete(accountEntity);
        tx.commit();
        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void openSession() {
    }
}

4.get方法和load方法对比

package Test;

import dao.HibernateUtil;
import doamin.AccountEntity;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

/**
 * @Author: David.Xiao
 * @Date: 2018/10/12 10:33
 * @Description: Hibernate中查询的方法 get/load（都是根据id获取实体） 区别
 *                  1.查询的时机：get每次调用get方法时，马上发起查询，即立即加载
 *                              load默认每次真正使用的时候，发起查询，即延迟加载（可通过配置改为立即加载）
*                   2.返回的结果：get返回实体对象
 *                              load返回动态代理对象
 */
public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * get()方法
         */
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
        AccountEntity accountEntity = session.get(AccountEntity.class,2);
        System.out.println("get : "+accountEntity);

        /**
         * load()方法
         */
        AccountEntity accountEntity2 = session.load(AccountEntity.class,2);
        System.out.println("load : "+accountEntity);

    }
}

5.在Hibernate中使用JDBC API

package Test;

import dao.HibernateUtil;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.jdbc.Work;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * @Author: David.Xiao
 * @Date: 2018/10/12 10:21
 * @Description: 在Hibernate中使用原始JDBC API
 *               JDBC API:
 *                     Connection
 *                     Statement
 *                     PreparedStatement
 *                     ResultSet
 */
public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
        session.doWork(new Work() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
                System.out.println(connection.getClass().getName());
            }
        });
    }
}