MathJax 的基本运用

Reference:
https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5020/mathjax-basic-tutorial-and-quick-reference

1、 绝对值和范数（Absolute values and norms）

The absolute value of some expression can be denoted as \lvert x\rvert or, more generally, as \left\lvert … \right\rvert. It renders as $\lvert x\rvert$ .

The norm of a vector (or similar) can be denoted as \lVert v\rVert or, more generally, as \left\lVert … \right\rVert. It renders as $\lVert v\rVert$. (You may also write \left|…\right| instead.)

In both cases, the rendering is better than what you’d get from |x| or ||v|| , which render with bars that don’t descend low enough and sub-optimal spacing. $|x|$ or $||v||$.

It was typeset as

$$|x|, ||v|| \quad\longrightarrow\quad\lvert x\rvert, \lVert v \rVert$$

2、Arbitrary Operator

If an operator is not available as a built-in command, use \operatorname{…}. So for things like

$$\operatorname{arsinh(x)}$$

write \operatorname{arsinh}(x) since \arsinh(x) will give an error and arsinh(x) has wrong font and spacing: arsinh(x).
For operators which need limits above and below the operator, use \operatorname*{…}, as in

$$\operatorname*{Res}_{z=1}\left(\frac1{z^2-z}\right)=1$$
为什么 $z=1$不是在 $Res$的下面

$$\operatorname*{max}_{\lVert x\rVert=1}\lVert Ax\rVert$$
$$\max \limits_{\lVert x\rVert=1}\lVert Ax\rVert$$

$\lVert x_0\rVert$
$e^x=\lim \limits_{n\to\infty} \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^n$

$\lim \limits_{x \to 1} \frac{x^2-1}{x-1}$