力扣算法篇：按权重随机选择

题解：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> w2;
    //总和
    int range;
    Solution(vector<int>& w):range(0) {
        for(int i = 0;i<w.size();i++){
            range+=w[i];
            w2.push_back(range);
        }
    }
    
    int pickIndex() {
        //随机地获取下标 选取下标的概率与w[i]成正比
        //rd位于0-(range-1)
        int rd = rand()%range;
        int l = 0;
        int r = w2.size()-1;
        //二分法获取下标 所得下标l是第一个比目标值大的元素
        while(l<r){
            int mid = l + r >> 1;
            if(w2[mid]>rd){
                r = mid;
            }else{
                l = mid+1;
            }
        }
        return l;
    }
};
/**
 * Your Solution object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * Solution* obj = new Solution(w);
 * int param_1 = obj->pickIndex();
 */

举例：[1,2,3]
总和6 w2[1,3,6]，rd随机在0-5之间 
则rd为0返回下标0 概率为1/6
rd为1返回下标1
rd为2返回下标1  概率为1/3
rd为3返回下标2
rd为4返回下标2
rd为5返回下标2  概率为1/2