了解optimizer trace

了解optimizer trace
可以让你知道MySQL是如何解析并优化SQL语句的

select @@optimizer_trace;
+--------------------------+
| @@optimizer_trace        |
+--------------------------+
| enabled=off,one_line=off |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set optimizer_trace="enabled=on";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> explain select * from details where type = 2;
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
| id | select_type | table   | partitions | type | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref   | rows   | filtered | Extra |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | details | NULL       | ref  | idx_type      | idx_type | 1       | const | 259674 |   100.00 | NULL  |
+----+-------------+---------+------------+------+---------------+----------+---------+-------+--------+----------+-------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from information_schema.OPTIMIZER_TRACE \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
-- 分析的查询语句是什么
QUERY: explain select * from details where type = 2
-- 优化的具体过程
TRACE: {
  "steps": [
    {
      "join_preparation": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          {
            "expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `details`.`id` AS `id`,`details`.`equipmentMD5` AS `equipmentMD5`,`details`.`type` AS `type`,`details`.`age` AS `age` from `details` where (`details`.`type` = 2)"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      -- optimize阶段
      "join_optimization": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
          {
            -- 处理搜索条件
            "condition_processing": {
              "condition": "WHERE",
              "original_condition": "(`details`.`type` = 2)",
              "steps": [
                { -- 原始搜索条件
                  "transformation": "equality_propagation",
                  "resulting_condition": "multiple equal(2, `details`.`type`)"
                },
                { -- 常量传递转换
                  "transformation": "constant_propagation",
                  "resulting_condition": "multiple equal(2, `details`.`type`)"
                },
                { -- 去除没用的条件
                  "transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
                  "resulting_condition": "multiple equal(2, `details`.`type`)"
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          { -- 替换虚拟生成列
            "substitute_generated_columns": {
            }
          },
          { -- 表的依赖信息
            "table_dependencies": [
              {
                "table": "`details`",
                "row_may_be_null": false,
                "map_bit": 0,
                "depends_on_map_bits": [
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
              {
                "table": "`details`",
                "field": "type",
                "equals": "2",
                "null_rejecting": false
              }
            ]
          },
          { -- 预估不同单表访问方法的访问成本
            "rows_estimation": [
              {
                "table": "`details`",
                "range_analysis": {
                  "table_scan": { -- 全表扫描的行数以及成本
                    "rows": 1014455,
                    "cost": 208308
                  },
                  "potential_range_indexes": [
                    {
                      "index": "PRIMARY",--  主键不可用
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "not_applicable"
                    },
                    {
                      "index": "idx_type", -- idx_type可能被使用
                      "usable": true,
                      "key_parts": [
                        "type",
                        "id"
                      ]
                    }
                  ],
                  "setup_range_conditions": [
                  ],
                  "group_index_range": {
                    "chosen": false,
                    "cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
                  },
                  -- 分析各种可能使用的索引的成本
                  "analyzing_range_alternatives": {
                    "range_scan_alternatives": [
                      { -- 使用idx_type的成本分析
                        "index": "idx_type",
                        "ranges": [
                          "2 <= type <= 2"
                        ],
                        "index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
                        "rowid_ordered": true,
                        "using_mrr": false,
                        "index_only": false,
                        "rows": 259674,
                        "cost": 311610,
                        "chosen": false,
                        "cause": "cost"
                      }
                    ],
                    -- 分析使用索引合并的成本
                    "analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
                      "usable": false,
                      "cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
                    }
                  }
                }
              }
            ]
          },
          {
           -- 分析各种可能的执行计划
           --（对多表查询这可能有很多种不同的方案，单表查询的方案上边已经分析过了，直接选取idx_key
            "considered_execution_plans": [
              {
                "plan_prefix": [
                ],
                "table": "`details`",
                "best_access_path": {
                  "considered_access_paths": [
                    {
                      "access_type": "ref",
                      "index": "idx_type",
                      "rows": 259674,
                      "cost": 68180,
                      "chosen": true
                    },
                    {
                      "rows_to_scan": 1014455,
                      "access_type": "scan",
                      "resulting_rows": 259674,
                      "cost": 208306,
                      "chosen": false
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "condition_filtering_pct": 100,
                "rows_for_plan": 259674,
                "cost_for_plan": 68180,
                "chosen": true
              }
            ]
          },
          { -- 尝试给查询添加一些其他的查询条件
            "attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
              "original_condition": "(`details`.`type` = 2)",
              "attached_conditions_computation": [
              ],
              "attached_conditions_summary": [
                {
                  "table": "`details`",
                  "attached": null
                }
              ]
            }
          },
          { -- 再稍稍的改进一下执行计划
            "refine_plan": [
              {
                "table": "`details`"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    { -- execute阶段
      "join_explain": {
        "select#": 1,
        "steps": [
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}
MISSING_BYTES_BEYOND_MAX_MEM_SIZE: 0
          INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)