ViewPager

ViewPager是Android提供的视图切换的工具类，继承自ViewGroup，可实现Android页面的广告轮播，首次使用广告引导等。

ViewPager是Android V4扩展包中的类，使用时注意
1.Viewpager继承自ViewGroup，所以它是个容器，可以自由添加View类
2.需要一个适配器提供数据
3.Viewpager常配合Fragment使用

1.Viewpager适配器
PagerAdapter，和ListView等控件使用一样，需要ViewPager设置PagerAdapter来完成页面和数据的绑定，PagerAdapter是一个基类适配器，我们经常用它来实现app引导图，它的子类有FragmentPagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter，这两个子类适配器用于和Fragment一起使用。

• PagerAdapter

public class AdapterViewpager extends PagerAdapter {
    private List<View> mViewList;

    public AdapterViewpager(List<View> mViewList) {
        this.mViewList = mViewList;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {//必须实现
        return mViewList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isViewFromObject(View view, Object object) {//必须实现
        return view == object;
    }

    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {//必须实现，实例化
        container.addView(mViewList.get(position));
        return mViewList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {//必须实现，销毁
        container.removeView(mViewList.get(position));
    }
}

上面的四个方法必须实现

• FragmentPagerAdapter

public class AdapterFragment extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
    private List<Fragment> mFragments;

    public AdapterFragment(FragmentManager fm, List<Fragment> mFragments) {
        super(fm);
        this.mFragments = mFragments;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {//必须实现
        return mFragments.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {//必须实现
        return mFragments.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {//选择性实现
        return mFragments.get(position).getClass().getSimpleName();
    }
}

• FragmentStatePagerAdapter和FragmentPagerAdapter实现一样，不再赘述

三种适配器的区别在于：

PagerAdapter是通用的适配器，FragmentPagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter更专注于每一页是Fragment的情况，而这两个子类适配器使用情况也有区别

通过源码分析（节选）：

FragmentPagerAdapter

    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }

        final long itemId = getItemId(position);

        // Do we already have this fragment?
        String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId);
        Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name);
        if (fragment != null) {
            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Attaching item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
            mCurTransaction.attach(fragment);
        } else {
            fragment = getItem(position);
            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding item #" + itemId + ": f=" + fragment);
            mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment,
                    makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId));
        }
        if (fragment != mCurrentPrimaryItem) {
            fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
            fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
        }

        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Detaching item #" + getItemId(position) + ": f=" + object
                + " v=" + ((Fragment)object).getView());
        mCurTransaction.detach((Fragment)object);/*注意这里使用了detach，据源码注释解释理解：Detach the given fragment from the UI.  This is the same state as when it is put on the back stack: the fragment is removed from the UI, however its state is still being actively managed by the fragment manager.  When going into this state its view hierarchy is destroyed.
大意是不显示视图，但依然归actively managed*/
    }

FragmentStatePagerAdapter

@Override
    public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, int position) {
        // If we already have this item instantiated, there is nothing
        // to do.  This can happen when we are restoring the entire pager
        // from its saved state, where the fragment manager has already
        // taken care of restoring the fragments we previously had instantiated.
        if (mFragments.size() > position) {
            Fragment f = mFragments.get(position);
            if (f != null) {
                return f;
            }
        }

        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }

        Fragment fragment = getItem(position);
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding item #" + position + ": f=" + fragment);
        if (mSavedState.size() > position) {
            Fragment.SavedState fss = mSavedState.get(position);
            if (fss != null) {
                fragment.setInitialSavedState(fss);
            }
        }
        while (mFragments.size() <= position) {
            mFragments.add(null);
        }
        fragment.setMenuVisibility(false);
        fragment.setUserVisibleHint(false);
        mFragments.set(position, fragment);
        mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), fragment);

        return fragment;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(ViewGroup container, int position, Object object) {
        Fragment fragment = (Fragment) object;

        if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Removing item #" + position + ": f=" + object
                + " v=" + ((Fragment)object).getView());
        while (mSavedState.size() <= position) {
            mSavedState.add(null);
        }
        mSavedState.set(position, fragment.isAdded()
                ? mFragmentManager.saveFragmentInstanceState(fragment) : null);
        mFragments.set(position, null);// 这里设置为null，mFragments ——> ArrayList.set(int index, E element);

        mCurTransaction.remove(fragment);
    }

根据以上分析，FragmentPagerAdapter适合在fragment中页面较少的情况下使用，FragmentStatePagerAdapter适合在页面较多的情况下使用，省内存

2.Viewpager翻页动画

Viewpager提供了PageTransformer接口用于实现翻页动画

实现翻页动画的关键就是重写transformPage方法
方法里有两个参数 view 和 position, 理解这两个参数非常重要。

    /**
     * A PageTransformer is invoked whenever a visible/attached page is scrolled.
     * This offers an opportunity for the application to apply a custom transformation
     * to the page views using animation properties.
     *
     * <p>As property animation is only supported as of Android 3.0 and forward,
     * setting a PageTransformer on a ViewPager on earlier platform versions will
     * be ignored.</p>
     */
    public interface PageTransformer {
        /**
         * Apply a property transformation to the given page.
         *
         * @param page Apply the transformation to this page
         * @param position Position of page relative to the current front-and-center
         *                 position of the pager. 0 is front and center. 1 is one full
         *                 page position to the right, and -1 is one page position to the left.
         */
        void transformPage(View page, float position);
    }

假设有三个页面view1，view2，view3从左至右在viewPager中显示

往左滑动时：view1，view2，view3的position都是不断变小的。

               view1的position: 0 → -1 → 负无穷大
               view2的position: 1 → 0 → -1 
               view3的position: 1 → 0

往右滑动时：view1，view2，view3的position都是不断变大的。

               view1的position: -1 → 0 
               view2的position: -1 → 0 → 1 
               view3的position: 0 → 1→ 正无穷大

当position是正负无穷大时view就离开屏幕视野了。因此最核心的控制逻辑是在[-1,0]和(0,1]这两个区间，通过设置透明度，平移，旋转，缩放等动画组合可以实现各式各样的页面变化效果。

两个例子

public class DepthPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.75f;

    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        Log.d("DepthPageTransformer", view.getTag() + " , " + position + "");
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0);

        } else if (position <= 0) { // [-1,0]
            // Use the default slide transition when moving to the left page
            view.setAlpha(1);
            view.setTranslationX(0);
            view.setScaleX(1);
            view.setScaleY(1);

        } else if (position <= 1) { // (0,1]
            // Fade the page out.
            view.setAlpha(1 - position);

            // Counteract the default slide transition
            view.setTranslationX(pageWidth * -position);

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
            float scaleFactor = MIN_SCALE
                    + (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - Math.abs(position));
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0);
        }
    }
}

public class ZoomOutPageTransformer implements ViewPager.PageTransformer {
    private static final float MIN_SCALE = 0.85f;
    private static final float MIN_ALPHA = 0.5f;

    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    public void transformPage(View view, float position) {
        int pageWidth = view.getWidth();
        int pageHeight = view.getHeight();

        Log.e("TAG", view + " , " + position + "");

        if (position < -1) { // [-Infinity,-1)
            // This page is way off-screen to the left.
            view.setAlpha(0);

        } else if (position <= 1) 
        { // [-1,1]
            // Modify the default slide transition to shrink the page as well
            float scaleFactor = Math.max(MIN_SCALE, 1 - Math.abs(position));
            float vertMargin = pageHeight * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            float horzMargin = pageWidth * (1 - scaleFactor) / 2;
            if (position < 0) {
                view.setTranslationX(horzMargin - vertMargin / 2);
            } else {
                view.setTranslationX(-horzMargin + vertMargin / 2);
            }

            // Scale the page down (between MIN_SCALE and 1)
            view.setScaleX(scaleFactor);
            view.setScaleY(scaleFactor);

            // Fade the page relative to its size.
            view.setAlpha(MIN_ALPHA + (scaleFactor - MIN_SCALE)
                    / (1 - MIN_SCALE) * (1 - MIN_ALPHA));

        } else { // (1,+Infinity]
            // This page is way off-screen to the right.
            view.setAlpha(0);
        }
    }
}

3.Viewpager指示器

有一个开源项目供参考

项目github地址：
https://github.com/ongakuer/CircleIndicator