前言:
今天开始java.util.concurrent的学习,concurrent包下的类主要用于解决并发问题,先从比较简单的CountDownLatch开始讲解吧。
概念:
CountDownLatch主要用于协调线程之间的同步,你可以想CountDownLatch对象设置一个初始计数值,任何在这个对象上调用wait() 方法都会被阻塞,直到这个计数值为0。其他任务在结束其工作时,可以调用改对象的countDown()来减少这个计数值。CountDownLatch是一次性的,计数器的值只能在构造方法中初始化一次,之后没有任何机制再次对其设置值,当CountDownLatch使用完毕后,它不能再次被使用。
原理:
用法:
1:某一线程在开始运行前等待n个线程执行完毕。将CountDownLatch的计数器初始化为n new CountDownLatch(n) ,每当一个任务线程执行完毕,就将计数器减1 countdownlatch.countDown(),当计数器的值变为0时,在CountDownLatch上 await() 的线程就会被唤醒。一个典型应用场景就是启动一个服务时,主线程需要等待多个组件加载完毕,之后再继续执行。
2:实现多个线程开始执行任务的最大并行性。注意是并行性,不是并发,强调的是多个线程在某一时刻同时开始执行。类似于赛跑,将多个线程放到起点,等待发令枪响,然后同时开跑。做法是初始化一个共享的CountDownLatch(1),将其计数器初始化为1,多个线程在开始执行任务前首先 coundownlatch.await(),当主线程调用 countDown() 时,计数器变为0,多个线程同时被唤醒。
实现
public class CountDownLatchDemo {
static final int SIZE = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
exec.execute(new WaitingTask(latch));
}
for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
exec.execute(new TaskPortion(latch));
}
System.out.println("Launched all tasks");
exec.shutdown();
}
}
class TaskPortion implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private final CountDownLatch latch;
public TaskPortion(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
doWork();
latch.countDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doWork() throws InterruptedException {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(2000));
System.out.println("TaskPortion " + id + " this is completed");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("%1$-3d", id);
}
}
class WaitingTask implements Runnable {
private static int counter = 0;
private final int id = counter++;
private final CountDownLatch latch;
public WaitingTask(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
latch.await();
System.out.println("Latch barrier passed for " + this);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(this + " interrupted");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("WaitingTask %1$-3d", id);
}
}
这是java编程思想上的线程之间同步的一个简单demo,WaittingTask调用了await()阻塞,等待TaskPortion线程完成 countDownLatch为0,才被再放行。