Android 6.0权限详解及封装

Android 6.0权限详解及封装

Android Studio 2.2.2
sdk 25.0.1

GitHub代码地址

前几天看了郭神对Android 6.0 之后的权限讲解，今天把它整理了一些写了个demo 分享给大家。
注意点：
1、如果在build.gradle 中设置targetSdkVersion 为21 表示兼容到5.0的版本，则在程序运行时不需要进行权限的判断，因为只有在6.0以后才需要对运行时的权限进行判断。
2、如果程序是从低版本升级上去，那么之前版本升级的权限默认有效。
3、要申请的所有权限必须在manifest中先注册

checkSelfPermission

首先这个方法只有在activity中才可以调用，用来判断权限是否申请。如果已经申请了则返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 否则返回PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED.
doucumentation
public static int checkSelfPermission(@android.support.annotation.NonNull @NotNull android.content.Context context,@android.support.annotation.NonNull @NotNull java.lang.String permission)
Determine whether you have been granted a particular permission.
Parameters:
permission - The name of the permission being checked.
Returns:
android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED if you have the permission,
or android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED if not.

requestPermissions

请求权限方法，传值要求 当前的Activity ，String[] 权限数组，requestCode (与startActivityForResult()中的requestCode一样，在回调的时候会传过去，onRequestPermissionsResult(),对应不同requestCode 的权限申请结果)
documentation
public static void requestPermissions(@android.support.annotation.NonNull android.app.Activity activity,
@android.support.annotation.NonNull java.lang.String[] permissions,
int requestCode)

//多权限申请
        List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
        }
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }
        if (!permissionList.isEmpty()){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]),1);
        } else{
            doSomething();
        }

//单个权限申请
//        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
//            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE},1);
//        }else{
//            do something
//        }

onRequestPermissionsResult

onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults)
申请权限的回调方法 requestCode就是之前调用的时候传的值，String[] permissions 申请的所有权限，int[] grantResults 权限申请结果数组。

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0){
                    for (int grantResult : grantResults){
                        if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                            Toast.makeText(this, "某个权限被拒绝了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    doSomething();
                }

//              单个权限申请回调
//                if (grantResults.length>0 && grantResults[0]== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
//                    makeCall();
//                }else {
//                    Toast.makeText(this, "权限被拒绝了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

封装

为了方便权限申请，简化代码，下面对权限的申请进行一个封装。
直接看代码吧：

//定义一个接口
public interface PermissionListener {
    void onGranted();
    void onDenied(List<String> deniedPermissions);
}

//定义一个Activity收集类
public class ActivityCollector {
    private static List<Activity> activityList = new ArrayList<>();
//在activity 的onCreate 中执行此方法
    public static void addActivity(Activity activity) {
        activityList.add(activity);
    }
//在activity 的onDestroy 中执行此方法
    public static void removeActivity(Activity activity) {
        activityList.remove(activity);
    }
    //获取当前的Activity
    public static Activity getTopActivity() {
        if (activityList.isEmpty()) {
            return null;
        } else {
            return activityList.get(activityList.size() - 1);
        }
    }
}


//创建BaseActivity 里面做一些权限处理
public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static PermissionListener mListener;
//创建静态方法，这样可以在没有activity实例的类中调用该方法，只要加个类名就可以了
    public static void requestRuntimePermission(String[] permissions, PermissionListener listener){
    //获取当前的activity 如果没有就返回
        Activity topActivity = ActivityCollector.getTopActivity();
        if (topActivity == null) {
            return;
        }

        mListener = listener;
        List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(topActivity,permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                permissionList.add(permission);
            }
        }

        if (!permissionList.isEmpty()){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(topActivity,permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]),1);
        } else{
            mListener.onGranted();
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0){
                    List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
                        int grantResult = grantResults[i];
                        String permission = permissions[i];
                        if (grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                            deniedPermissions.add(permission);

                        }
                    }                   
//                    do something
                    if (deniedPermissions.isEmpty()){
                        mListener.onGranted();
                    }else{
                        mListener.onDenied(deniedPermissions);
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
}
}


//在Activity中调用
public class PermissionActivity extends BaseActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_permission);
        //
        ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //
        ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
    }

    public void permissionsOnClick(View v){
        requestRuntimePermission(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, new PermissionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGranted() {
                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "所有权限已同意", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void onDenied(List<String> deniedPermissions) {
                for (String deniedPermission : deniedPermissions) {
                    Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "未同意的权限"+deniedPermission, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
    }

}

推荐鸿洋大神的讲解以及另一种封装形式

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