Java 数据结构3：队列及Queue源码详解

队列

想栈一样，队列（queue）也是表。然而，使用队列时插入在一端进行而删除在另一端进行，遵循先进先出，后进后出原则，就像排队一样

应用

1、打印机队列

2、还有之前线程里面讲到的，线程池的实现，有有界的和无界的阻塞队列

Java中队列的实现

其中ArrayBlockQueue的源码，在并发的时候已经介绍过了，可以参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22798455/article/details/81636772

ConcurrentLinkedQueue参考

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22798455/article/details/81637397

看一下优先级队列

public PriorityBlockingQueue() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, null);
    }

    public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity) {
        this(initialCapacity, null);
    }
//最终都是初始化这一个构造函数，通过一个Comparator来排列队列中的数据
public PriorityBlockingQueue(int initialCapacity,
                                 Comparator<? super E> comparator) {
        if (initialCapacity < 1)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
        this.notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
        this.comparator = comparator;
    //数组实现
        this.queue = new Object[initialCapacity];
    }

//初始化一个传入collection的队列，若传入的集合本身就是有序的，
//比如说SortedSet一类的，那么就保留他的排序，若不是有序的，
//则按照Comparable自然的排序方法排序
public PriorityBlockingQueue(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
        this.notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
        boolean heapify = true; // true if not known to be in heap order
        boolean screen = true;  // true if must screen for nulls
        if (c instanceof SortedSet<?>) {
            SortedSet<? extends E> ss = (SortedSet<? extends E>) c;
            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) ss.comparator();
            heapify = false;
        }
        else if (c instanceof PriorityBlockingQueue<?>) {
            PriorityBlockingQueue<? extends E> pq =
                (PriorityBlockingQueue<? extends E>) c;
            this.comparator = (Comparator<? super E>) pq.comparator();
            screen = false;
            if (pq.getClass() == PriorityBlockingQueue.class) // exact match
                heapify = false;
        }
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int n = a.length;
        // If c.toArray incorrectly doesn't return Object[], copy it.
        if (a.getClass() != Object[].class)
            a = Arrays.copyOf(a, n, Object[].class);
        if (screen && (n == 1 || this.comparator != null)) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
                if (a[i] == null)
                    throw new NullPointerException();
        }
        this.queue = a;
        this.size = n;
        if (heapify)
            heapify();
    }

public boolean add(E e) {
        return offer(e);
    }

public boolean offer(E e) {
        if (e == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;

    //加锁
        lock.lock();
        int n, cap;
        Object[] array;

    //若是当前数组的size已经要等于初始化queue的长度的时候，扩下容
        while ((n = size) >= (cap = (array = queue).length))

            //扩容操作，若是当前容量已经大于64，则扩容+2，若否，会扩容至现在的2倍
            tryGrow(array, cap);
    判断
        try {
            Comparator<? super E> cmp = comparator;
            //优先使用传入的comparator
            if (cmp == null)
                siftUpComparable(n, e, array);
            else
                siftUpUsingComparator(n, e, array, cmp);
            size = n + 1;
            notEmpty.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return true;
    }

public E poll() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return dequeue();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

private E dequeue() {
        int n = size - 1;
        if (n < 0)
            return null;
        else {
            Object[] array = queue;
            E result = (E) array[0];
            E x = (E) array[n];
            array[n] = null;
            Comparator<? super E> cmp = comparator;
            if (cmp == null)
                siftDownComparable(0, x, array, n);
            else
                siftDownUsingComparator(0, x, array, n, cmp);
            size = n;
            return result;
        }
    }

public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        E result;
        try {
            while ( (result = dequeue()) == null)
                notEmpty.await();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
        return result;
    }
public E peek() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return (size == 0) ? null : (E) queue[0];
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

栈和队列

1、栈、队列、优先级队列通常是用来简化某些程序操作的数据结构，而不是主要作为存储数据的。

2、在这些数据结构中，只有一个数据项可以被访问。

3、栈为先进后出，队列为先进先出

4、优先级队列是有序的插入数据，并且只能访问当前元素中优先级别最大（或最小）的元素。

5、这些数据结构都能由数组实现，但是可以用别的机制（后面讲的链表、堆等数据结构）实现。