零基础入门学习Python学习笔记第四讲【列表】

列表 

>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]
>>> member
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨']

>>> num = [1,2,3,4]
>>> num
[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> mix = ["苹果",True,[1,2,4]] #混合列表
>>> mix
['苹果', True, [1, 2, 4]]

>>> mix = []  #空列表
>>> mix
[]
append(元素)：添加元素，只能是一个参数。
>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]  #append(元素)：添加元素，只能是一个参数
>>> member.append("哈密瓜")
>>> member
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨', '哈密瓜']


>>> member.append("菠萝","水蜜桃")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#13>", line 1, in <module>             
    member.append("菠萝","水蜜桃")
TypeError: append() takes exactly one argument (2 given)         #两个参数会报错。
         
>>> member.extend("菠萝","水蜜桃")         #extend(列表)：扩展一个列表，注意是列表，不是元素。
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#15>", line 1, in <module>
    member.extend("菠萝","水蜜桃")
TypeError: extend() takes exactly one argument (2 given)          #扩展元素会报错
>>> member.extend(["菠萝","水蜜桃"])              #扩展列表
>>> member
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨', '哈密瓜', '菠萝', '水蜜桃']

>>> member.insert(0,"牡丹")     #insert（插入位置，元素）：在指定位置添加一个元素      
>>> member
['牡丹', '苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨', '哈密瓜', '菠萝', '水蜜桃']

>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]
>>> member[0]                  #获取指定位置的元素
'苹果'

>>> member.remove("香蕉")      #删除元素
>>> member
['苹果', '草莓', '鸭梨']

>>> del member[1]
>>> member
['苹果', '鸭梨']             #删除元素
>>> del member[]             #删除列表
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> del member
>>> member
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#31>", line 1, in <module>
    member
NameError: name 'member' is not defined

>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]
>>> member.pop()             #pop(索引值)：删除指定位置的元素，并返回该元素。如果pop不给值就删除并返回最后一个元素,
'鸭梨'
>>> member
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓']
>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]
>>> member.pop(1)
'香蕉'
>>> member
['苹果', '草莓', '鸭梨']

>>> member = ["苹果","香蕉","草莓","鸭梨"]
>>> member[1:3]             #列表分片：返回指定索引值之间的一个新列表。原列表不变。[1:3]:1,2
['香蕉', '草莓']
>>> member
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨']
>>> member[:3]              #返回从0开始到索引值之间的一个新列表。
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓']
>>> member[1:]              #返回从1开始到末尾的一个新列表。
['香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨']
>>> member2 = member[:]     #拷贝一个列表，新增一个地址，对member操作，member不改变；如果member3 = member，它俩指向同一个地址，对member操作member3也改变
>>> member2
['苹果', '香蕉', '草莓', '鸭梨']

>>> list1 = [1,2,3]                  #列表比较
>>> list2 = [2,3,4]
>>> list1 > list2
False           

>>> list1 = [123,456]    #短路逻辑，比较完123>234为False，后面不用比较了
>>> list2 = [234,123]
>>> list1 > list2
False
>>> list3 = [123,456]
>>> (list1 < list2) and (list1 == list3)
True                  
>>> list4 = list1 + list2               #列表相加
>>> list4
[123, 456, 234, 123]
>>> list4 *2
[123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123]
>>> list4 *=2
>>> list4
[123, 456, 234, 123, 123, 456, 234, 123]
>>> 123 in list4                 #成员操作符
True
>>> 245 not in list4
True
>>> list5 = [123,["小甲鱼","牡丹"],456]   #成员操作符只能对一层进行操作。
>>> "小甲鱼" in list5
False
>>> "小甲鱼" in list5[1]
True
>>> list5[1][1]                    #索引
'牡丹'
>>> list1 = [123,456,123,123]
>>> list1.count(123)               #count（元素）：元素在列表里出现的次数
3
>>> list1 = [123,456]
>>> list1 *5
[123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
>>> list1 *=5
>>> list1
[123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
>>> list1.index(123)            #index（元素，起始索引地址，结束索引地址）
0        #默认从起始开始查找索引

>>> list2 =[1,4,7,2,9,0,3]
>>> list2.reverse()          #列表翻转
>>> list2
[3, 0, 9, 2, 7, 4, 1]
>>> list2.sort()             #列表排序，默认列表从小到大  
>>> list2
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9]
>>> list2.sort(reverse=True) #再次翻转，从大到小排列
>>> list2
[9, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

 

列表推导式（列表解析）

[有关A的表达式 for A in B]

>>> [i*i for i in range(10)]
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

list1 = []
for i in range(10):
	list1.append(i*i)
print(list1)

>>> list1 = [(x,y) for x in range(10) for y in range(10) if x%2!=0 if y%2!=0]
>>> list1
[(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 7), (1, 9), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (3, 7), (3, 9), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5), (5, 7), (5, 9), (7, 1), (7, 3), (7, 5), (7, 7), (7, 9), (9, 1), (9, 3), (9, 5), (9, 7), (9, 9)]          #目前没看懂 （与下面代码等价）  


list1 =[]
for x in range(10):
    for y in range(10):
        if x%2 ==0:
            if y%2 !=0:
                list1.append((x,y))
                print(list1)