Builder模式

Builder模式

将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
对象创建需要的属性多，而且不固定，为了简化创建过程，在对象类创建指定对象各个属性抽象接口。

实现方式

public static class Builder {
     public Builder() {
     }
     public Builder setTitle(String titleId) {
         parent.mTitle = titleId;
         return this;
     }
     public Builder setContent(String content) {
         parent.mContent = content;
         return this;
     }
}

在创建时，按需求set对应属性

Android中的Builder模式

AlertDialog.Builder
简单示例如下

  private void showDialog(Context context) {  
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);  
        builder.setIcon(R.drawable.icon).setTitle("Title").setMessage("Message")
            .create().show();  // 构建AlertDialog， 并且显示
    } 

AlertDialog源码

// AlertDialog
public class AlertDialog extends Dialog implements DialogInterface {
    // Controller, 接受Builder中的各个参数
    private AlertController mAlert;

    // 构造函数，所有构造函数都不是public，外界只能通过builder创建实例
    protected AlertDialog(Context context, int theme) {
        this(context, theme, true);
    }
    //AlertDialog实现都没有创建AlertDialog，而是AlertController
    AlertDialog(Context context, int theme, boolean createThemeContextWrapper) {
        super(context, resolveDialogTheme(context, theme));
        mAlert = new AlertController(getContext(), this, getWindow());
    }
    ……

    //设置AlertDialog属性,实际通过AlertController设置
    @Override
    public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
        super.setTitle(title);
        mAlert.setTitle(title);
    }
    public void setMessage(CharSequence message) {
        mAlert.setMessage(message);
    }

  public static class Builder {
          //存储AlertDialog的属性
        private final AlertController.AlertParams P;
        private int mTheme;
        /*
        Builder构造函数
        */
        public Builder(Context context) {
            this(context, resolveDialogTheme(context, 0));
        }
        public Builder(Context context, int theme) {
            P = new AlertController.AlertParams(new ContextThemeWrapper(
                    context, resolveDialogTheme(context, theme)));
            mTheme = theme;
        }

        // 设置各种属性
        public Builder setTitle(CharSequence title) {
            P.mTitle = title;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder setMessage(CharSequence message) {
            P.mMessage = message;
            return this;
        }

        //AlertDialog创建
        public AlertDialog create() {
            // 创建AlertDialog
            final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog(P.mContext, mTheme, false);
            // 将P中的属性传给mAlert
            P.apply(dialog.mAlert);
            dialog.setCancelable(P.mCancelable);
            if (P.mCancelable) {
                dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
            }
            dialog.setOnCancelListener(P.mOnCancelListener);
            dialog.setOnDismissListener(P.mOnDismissListener);
            if (P.mOnKeyListener != null) {
                dialog.setOnKeyListener(P.mOnKeyListener);
            }
            return dialog;
        }
}

P.apply(dialog.mAlert)代码中的AlertController.apply()方法

        public void apply(AlertController dialog) {
            if (mCustomTitleView != null) {
                dialog.setCustomTitle(mCustomTitleView);
            } else {
                if (mTitle != null) {
                    dialog.setTitle(mTitle);
                }
                if (mIcon != null) {
                    dialog.setIcon(mIcon);
                }
                if (mIconId != 0) {
                    dialog.setIcon(mIconId);
                }
                if (mIconAttrId != 0) {
                    dialog.setIcon(dialog.getIconAttributeResId(mIconAttrId));
                }
            }
            if (mMessage != null) {
                dialog.setMessage(mMessage);
            }
            if (mPositiveButtonText != null) {
                dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_POSITIVE, mPositiveButtonText,
                        mPositiveButtonListener, null);
            }
            if (mNegativeButtonText != null) {
                dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEGATIVE, mNegativeButtonText,
                        mNegativeButtonListener, null);
            }
            if (mNeutralButtonText != null) {
                dialog.setButton(DialogInterface.BUTTON_NEUTRAL, mNeutralButtonText,
                        mNeutralButtonListener, null);
            }
            if ((mItems != null) || (mCursor != null) || (mAdapter != null)) {
                createListView(dialog);
            }
            if (mView != null) {
                if (mViewSpacingSpecified) {
                    dialog.setView(mView, mViewSpacingLeft, mViewSpacingTop, mViewSpacingRight,
                            mViewSpacingBottom);
                } else {
                    dialog.setView(mView);
                }
            } else if (mViewLayoutResId != 0) {
                dialog.setView(mViewLayoutResId);
            }
        }

builder中设置属性值，然后在create中把值传给AlertDialog的AlertController，虽然实际实例化一个对象变复杂了，但是操作上的代码简单易读。比起new class的方法更加直观。