图解java多线程设计模式学习第六章Read-Write Lock模式

学生们正在一起看老师在黑板上写的板书。这时，老师想插掉板书，再写新的内容。而学生们说道：“”老师，我们还没看完了，请先不要摖掉“”。于是，老师会等待大家都看完。

当线程“”读取“”实例的状态时，实例的状态不会发生变化。实例的状态仅在线程执行“”写入“”操作时才会发生变化。从实例的状态变化这个观点来看，“”读取“”和“”写入“”有着本质的区别。

在Read-Write Lock模式中，读取操作和写入操作是分开考虑的。在执行读取操作之前，线程必须获取用于读取的锁。而在执行写入操作之前，线程必须获取用于写入的锁。

由于当前线程执行读取操作时，实例的状态不会发生变化，所以一个线程正在写入时，其他线程不可以读取或写入。

一般来说，执行互斥处理会降低程序性能。但如果把针对写入的互斥处理和针对读取的互斥处理分开来考虑，则可以提高程序性能。

package com.readwritelock;
public class Data {
    private final char[] buffer;
    private final ReadWriteLock lock = new ReadWriteLock();
    public Data(int size) {
        this.buffer = new char[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
            buffer[i] = '*';
        }
    }
    public char[] read() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.readLock();
        try {
            return doRead();
        } finally {
            lock.readUnlock();
        }
    }
    public void write(char c) throws InterruptedException {
        lock.writeLock();
        try {
            doWrite(c);
        } finally {
            lock.writeUnlock();
        }
    }
    private char[] doRead() {
        char[] newbuf = new char[buffer.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
            newbuf[i] = buffer[i];
        }
        slowly();
        return newbuf;
    }
    private void doWrite(char c) {
        for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
            buffer[i] = c;
            slowly();
        }
    }
    private void slowly() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(50);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
}

package com.readwritelock;

public class ReaderThread extends Thread {
    private final Data data;
    public ReaderThread(Data data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {
                char[] readbuf = data.read();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " reads " + String.valueOf(readbuf));
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
}

package com.readwritelock;
public final class ReadWriteLock {
    private int readingReaders = 0; // (A)…实际正在读取中的线程个数
    private int waitingWriters = 0; // (B)…正在等待写入的线程个数
    private int writingWriters = 0; // (C)…实际正在写入中的线程个数
    private boolean preferWriter = true; // 若写入优先，则为true

    public synchronized void readLock() throws InterruptedException {
        while (writingWriters > 0 || (preferWriter && waitingWriters > 0)) {
            wait();
        }
        readingReaders++;                       // (A) 实际正在读取的线程个数加1
    }

    public synchronized void readUnlock() {
        readingReaders--;                       // (A) 实际正在读取的线程个数减1
        preferWriter = true;
        notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized void writeLock() throws InterruptedException {
        waitingWriters++;                       // (B) 正在等待写入的线程个数加1
        try {
            while (readingReaders > 0 || writingWriters > 0) {
                wait();
            }
        } finally {
            waitingWriters--;                   // (B) 正在等待写入的线程个数减1
        }
        writingWriters++;                       // (C) 实际正在写入的线程个数加1
    }

    public synchronized void writeUnlock() {
        writingWriters--;                       // (C) 实际正在写入的线程个数减1
        preferWriter = false;
        notifyAll();
    }
}

package com.readwritelock;
import java.util.Random;

public class WriterThread extends Thread {
    private static final Random random = new Random();
    private final Data data;
    private final String filler;
    private int index = 0;
    public WriterThread(Data data, String filler) {
        this.data = data;
        this.filler = filler;
    }
    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {
                char c = nextchar();
                data.write(c);
                Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(3000));
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }
    private char nextchar() {
        char c = filler.charAt(index);
        index++;
        if (index >= filler.length()) {
            index = 0;
        }
        return c;
    }
}

package com.readwritelock;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data(10);
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new ReaderThread(data).start();
        new WriterThread(data, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQTSTUVWXYZ").start();
        new WriterThread(data, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").start();
    }
}