LeetCode题解：188. Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete at most k transactions.

Note:
You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (ie, you must sell the stock before you buy again).

这个是可以进行K次交易，和前面写的这个 两次交易的博客类似。

定义K组变量buy[k] 和sell[k]分别表示第k次买能得到的总最大利润和第k次卖能得到的总最大利润。

for(每一天的价格price)

buy[i] = max{buy[i],sell[i-1]-price}

sell[i] = max{sell[i],buy[i]+price}

class Solution {
    public int maxProfit(int k, int[] prices) {
        if (k == 0 || prices == null || prices.length == 0 || prices.length == 1) return 0;
        int[] buy = new int[k + 1], sell = new int[k + 1];
        Arrays.fill(buy, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
        for (int price : prices) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
                buy[i] = Integer.max(buy[i], sell[i - 1] - price);
                sell[i] = Integer.max(sell[i], buy[i] + price);
            }
        }
        return sell[k];
    }
}

sell[k]控制着最后的结果，最后的sell[k]就是可以获得的最大的利润。

但是上述的代码会超时，从 上一篇写到的博客中最后提过的问题，可以知道当k>n/2时，就可以用贪心法得到最大的利润。最后的代码调整如下：

class Solution {
    public int maxProfit(int k, int[] prices) {
        if (k == 0 || prices == null || prices.length == 0 || prices.length == 1) return 0;
        if (k >= prices.length / 2) {
            return getMaxProfit(prices);
        }
        int[] buy = new int[k + 1], sell = new int[k + 1];
        Arrays.fill(buy, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
        for (int price : prices) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++) {
                buy[i] = Integer.max(buy[i], sell[i - 1] - price);
                sell[i] = Integer.max(sell[i], buy[i] + price);
            }
        }
        return sell[k];
    }

    private int getMaxProfit(int[] prices) {
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < prices.length - 1; i++) {
            if (prices[i] < prices[i + 1]) sum += prices[i + 1] - prices[i];
        }
        return sum;
    }
}

循环的含义是，对每一个价格，如果是第i次的买或者卖，看是否能够更新第i次的买和卖的最大利润。