Python ------技巧系列一

1. 交换两个变量的值

a, b = 5, 10
print(a, b)
a, b = b, a
print(a, b)

2. 将列表中所有元素拼接成字符串

a = ["Python", "is", "Good"]
print(" ".join(a))


numbers = [2, 3, 5, 10]
print(",".join(map(str, numbers)))

data = [2, 'hello', 3, 3.14]
print(','.join(map(str, data)))

3.  查找列表中出现次数最多的值

a = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4, 5, 1]
print(max(set(a), key=a.count))

from collections import Counter
cnt = Counter(a)
print(cnt.most_common(3))
# 2出现4 次 ， 1 出现 3 次
# [(2, 4), (1, 3), (3, 2)]

4. 字符串反转

a = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
print(a[::-1])

for char in reversed(a):
    print(char)

num = 123456789
print(int(str(num)[::-1]))

5. 反转列表

a = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
print(a[::-1])

for item in reversed(a):
    print(item)

6. 转换二维数组

original = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd'], ['e', 'f']]
transposed = zip(*original)
print(list(transposed))

7. 链式函数调用

def multiplication(a, b):
    return a * b


def add(a, b):
    return a + b


b = False
print((multiplication if b else add)(5, 7))

8. 拷贝

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
b = a
b[0] = 10
print(a)
print(b)

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
b = a[:]
b[0] = 10
print(a)
print(b)

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(list(a))
print(a.copy())

from copy import deepcopy
d = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
d2 = deepcopy(d)
print(d2)

9. 根据值进行字典排序

d = {'apple': 10, 'orange': 20, 'banana': 5, 'rotten tomato': 1}
print(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))

from operator import itemgetter
print(sorted(d.items(), key=itemgetter(1)))

print(sorted(d, key=d.get))

10. 合并字典

d1 = {'a': 1}
d2 = {'b': 2}
# python 3.5 才支持
print({**d1, **d2})

print(dict(d1.items() | d2.items()))

d1.update(d2)
print(d1)

11. 获取列表中的最小值和最大值的索引

lst = [40, 10, 20, 30]

def minIndex(lst):
    return min(range(len(lst)), key=lst.__getitem__)

def maxIndex(lst):
    return max(range(len(lst)), key=lst.__getitem__)

print(minIndex(lst))
print(maxIndex(lst))
# 最小值和最大值
print(min(lst))
print(max(lst))

12. 从列表中删除重复项

items = [2, 2, 3, 3, 1]
newitems = list(set(items))
print(newitems)

from collections import OrderedDict
items = ['foo', 'bar', 'bar', 'foo']
print(list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(items).keys()))

13. 将列表进行全排列组合

import itertools

horses = [1, 2, 3, 4]
print (list(itertools.permutations(horses)))

[(1, 2, 3, 4), (1, 2, 4, 3), (1, 3, 2, 4), (1, 3, 4, 2), (1, 4, 2, 3), (1, 4, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3, 4), (2, 1, 4, 3), (2, 3, 1, 4), (2, 3, 4, 1), (2, 4, 1, 3), (2, 4, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2, 4), (3, 1, 4, 2), (3, 2, 1, 4), (3, 2, 4, 1), (3, 4, 1, 2), (3, 4, 2, 1), (4, 1, 2, 3), (4, 1, 3, 2), (4, 2, 1, 3), (4, 2, 3, 1), (4, 3, 1, 2), (4, 3, 2, 1)]