Android学习之四大组件之广播接收器BroadcastReceiver

BroadcastReceiver顾名思义也就是说"广播接收器"的意思，它用来接收系统和应用中的广播。作为四大组件之一想必大家肯定比我更熟悉。

BroadcastReceiver的注册方式有2种：

1.静态注册：

静态注册是在AndroidManifest.xml中配置的，例如

<receiver android:name=".StaticReceiver">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.staticaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

之后只要是

"com.yuzhentao.staticaction"

这个地址的广播，StaticReceiver都能收到，StaticReceiver代码如下

/**
 * 静态广播的BroadcastReceiver
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class StaticReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_STATIC)) {
            SharedPreferences.Editor et = context.getSharedPreferences(Constants.SP_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE).edit();
            et.putString(Constants.SP_KEY_STATIC, intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_STATIC));
            et.apply();
        }
    }

}

这里通过SharedPreferences将收到的消息存储起来，同时我将一些常用的常量提取出来写在了一个类里面，方便使用，个人习惯呵呵。常量类如下

/**
 * 常量
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class Constants {

    public static final String ACTION_STATIC = "com.yuzhentao.staticaction";
    public static final String ACTION_DYNAMIC = "com.yuzhentao.dynamicaction";
    public static final String ACTION_DISORDERLY= "com.yuzhentao.disorderlyaction";
    public static final String ACTION_ORDERLY= "com.yuzhentao.orderlyaction";
    public static final String MSG_STATIC = "msg_static";
    public static final String MSG_DYNAMIC = "msg_dynamic";
    public static final String MSG_DISORDERLY = "msg_disorderly";
    public static final String MSG_ORDERLY = "msg_orderly";
    public static final String SP_NAME = "sp_name";
    public static final String SP_KEY_STATIC = "sp_key_static";

}

这样MainActivity中就能获取到收到的广播，MainActivity中肯定是要做发送广播的操作。我们可以设置通过点击Button的方式来发送广播。

case R.id.button_static_activity_main:
    Intent intentStatic = new Intent(Constants.ACTION_STATIC);
    intentStatic.putExtra(Constants.MSG_STATIC, "收到静态广播");
    sendBroadcast(intentStatic);
    sendStaticMsg();
    break;

这里有个sendStaticMsg()，通过异步的方式来显示文本也就是说收到的消息。

/**
 * 发送静态广播的消息
 */
private void sendStaticMsg() {
    handlerStatic.post(new StaticRunnable());
}

/**
 * 静态广播的Runnable
 */
private class StaticRunnable implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        tvStatic.setText(sp.getString(Constants.SP_KEY_STATIC, ""));
    }

}

2.动态注册：

动态注册需要在代码中指定广播并注册和注销，先在MainActivity中声明一个BroadcastReceiver，如下

private BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiverStatic = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_DYNAMIC)) {
            tvDynamic.setText(intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_DYNAMIC));
        }
    }
};

在onCreate()中注册广播，MainActivity创建广播就注册

IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(Constants.ACTION_DYNAMIC);
registerReceiver(broadcastReceiverStatic, intentFilter);

在onDestroy()中注销广播，MainActivity销毁广播就注销

unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiverStatic);

点击Button来发送广播

case R.id.button_dynamic_activity_main:
    Intent intentDynamic = new Intent(Constants.ACTION_DYNAMIC);
    intentDynamic.putExtra(Constants.MSG_DYNAMIC, "收到动态广播");
    sendBroadcast(intentDynamic);
    break;

之后声明的BroadcastReceiver的onReceiver()中就会收到广播。

BroadcastReceiver有2种：

1.无序广播：

无序广播就是普通的广播，不需要声明优先级，这里用静态注册的方式来演示下无序广播的效果，先创建3个BroadcastReceiver，如下

/**
 * 无序广播的BroadcastReceiver1
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class DisorderlyReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_DISORDERLY)) {
            String msg = intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_DISORDERLY);
            Log.e("DisorderlyReceiver1", msg);
        }
    }

}

/**
 * 无序广播的BroadcastReceiver2
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class DisorderlyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_DISORDERLY)) {
            String msg = intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_DISORDERLY);
            Log.e("DisorderlyReceiver2", msg);
        }
    }

}

/**
 * 无序广播的BroadcastReceiver3
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class DisorderlyReceiver3 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_DISORDERLY)) {
            String msg = intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_DISORDERLY);
            Log.e("DisorderlyReceiver3", msg);
        }
    }

}

别忘记在AndroidManifest.xml中配置

<receiver android:name=".DisorderlyReceiver1">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.disorderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".DisorderlyReceiver2">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.disorderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".DisorderlyReceiver3">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.disorderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

然后点击按钮发送广播

case R.id.button_disorderly_activity_main:
    Intent intentDisorderly = new Intent(Constants.ACTION_DISORDERLY);
    intentDisorderly.putExtra(Constants.MSG_DISORDERLY, "收到无序广播");
    sendBroadcast(intentDisorderly);
    break;

然后运行，打印Log

02-28 11:09:04.015 13861-13861/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/DisorderlyReceiver1: 收到无序广播
02-28 11:09:04.017 13861-13861/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/DisorderlyReceiver2: 收到无序广播
02-28 11:09:04.018 13861-13861/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/DisorderlyReceiver3: 收到无序广播

无序广播对于多个接收者来说是完全异步的，通常每个接收者都无需等待即可以接收到广播，接收者相互之间不会有影响。对于这种广播，接收者无法终止广播，即无法阻止其他接收者的接收动作。也就是说我们在onReceiver()即使加上

abortBroadcast();

也是没有卵用的

2.有序广播：

同样采用静态注册，先创建3个BroadcastReceiver，如下

/**
 * 有序广播的BroadcastReceiver1
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class OrderlyReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_ORDERLY)) {
            String msg = intent.getStringExtra(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY);
            Log.e("OrderlyReceiver1", msg);
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY, msg + "@OrderlyReceiver1");
            setResultExtras(bundle);
//            abortBroadcast();
        }
    }

}

/**
 * 有序广播的BroadcastReceiver2
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class OrderlyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_ORDERLY)) {
            String msg = getResultExtras(true).getString(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY);
            Log.e("OrderlyReceiver2", msg);
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY, msg + "@OrderlyReceiver2");
            setResultExtras(bundle);
        }
    }

}

/**
 * 有序广播的BroadcastReceiver3
 *
 * @author yuzhentao
 */
public class OrderlyReceiver3 extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals(Constants.ACTION_ORDERLY)) {
            String msg = getResultExtras(true).getString(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY);
            Log.e("OrderlyReceiver3", msg);
        }
    }

}

这里使用setResultExtras()来加工下收到的消息，为了方便演示。不同的地方在于AndroidManifest.xml中的配置，使用sendOrderedBroadcast()方法发送有序广播时，需要一个权限参数，如果为null则表示不要求接收者声明指定的权限，如果不为null，则表示接收者若要接收此广播，需声明指定权限。这样做是从安全角度考虑的，例如系统的短信就是有序广播的形式，一个应用可能是具有拦截垃圾短信的功能，当短信到来时它可以先接受到短信广播，必要时终止广播传递，这样的软件就必须声明接收短信的权限。

所以我们在AndroidMainfest.xml中定义一个权限：

<permission
    android:name="yuzhentao.permission.MY_BROADCAST_PERMISSION"
    android:protectionLevel="normal" />
<uses-permission android:name="yuzhentao.permission.MY_BROADCAST_PERMISSION" />

然后广播注册时当然也要加上优先级了，优先级范围为-1000到1000，数值越大优先级越高

<receiver android:name=".OrderlyReceiver1">
    <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.orderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".OrderlyReceiver2">
    <intent-filter android:priority="999">
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.orderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".OrderlyReceiver3">
    <intent-filter android:priority="998">
        <action android:name="com.yuzhentao.orderlyaction" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

最后是点击Button发送广播

            case R.id.button_orderly_activity_main:
                Intent intentOrderly = new Intent(Constants.ACTION_ORDERLY);
                intentOrderly.putExtra(Constants.MSG_ORDERLY, "收到有序广播");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intentOrderly, "yuzhentao.permission.MY_BROADCAST_PERMISSION");
//                sendOrderedBroadcast(intentOrderly, null);
                break;

运行，打印Log

02-28 11:19:19.373 25914-25914/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/OrderlyReceiver1: 收到有序广播
02-28 11:19:19.375 25914-25914/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/OrderlyReceiver2: 收到有序广播@OrderlyReceiver1
02-28 11:19:19.377 25914-25914/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/OrderlyReceiver3: 收到有序广播@OrderlyReceiver1@OrderlyReceiver2

如果OrderlyReceiver1使用了

abortBroadcast();

效果如下

02-28 11:19:19.373 25914-25914/com.yuzhentao.broadcastreceiverdemo E/OrderlyReceiver1: 收到有序广播

好了，到此结束。希望对大家有所帮助。

效果图：