systemctl管理脚本
一、介绍
1、systemctl脚本存放在:/usr/lib/systemd/ # 有系统(system)和用户(user)之分
/usr/lib/systemd/system
/usr/lib/systemd/user
2、/usr/lib/systemd/目录下又存在两种类型的文件
1、*.service
2、*.target
3、CentOS 7服务结尾的三个部分
CentOS 7 的每一个服务以service 结尾,一般分为3部分:【unit】、【service】、【install】
[Unit]
Description=test
After=network.target
Before=xxx.service
[Service]
Type=forking
User=user
Group=user
KillMode=control-group
PIDFile=/usr/local/test/test.pid
Restart=no
ExecStart=/usr/local/test/bin/startup.sh
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
二、字段详细说明
1、Type类型
simple(默认):
forking:
oneshot :
dbus:
notify:
idle:
2、EnvironmentFile:指定配置文件,和连词号组合使用,可以避免配置文件不存在的异常。
Environment:
后面接多个不同的shell变量。
例如:
Environment=DATA_DIR=/data/elk
Environment=LOG_DIR=/var/log/elasticsearch
Environment=PID_DIR=/var/run/elasticsearch
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
连词号(-):在所有启动设置之前,添加的变量字段,都可以加上连词号
表示抑制错误,即发生错误时,不影响其他命令的执行。
比如EnviromentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/xxx表示即使文件不存在,也不会抛异常
3、Killmode的类型
contorl-group (默认)
process :
mixed:
none:
4、Restart类型
no (默认):
on-success :
on-failure:
on-abnaomal:
on-abort :
on-watchdog:
always:
5、RestartSec
表示systemd重启服务之前,需要等待的秒数:RestartSec:30
6、各种Exec*字段
Exec*后面的命令,仅接受‘指令 参数 参数..’格式,不能接受<> |&等特殊字符,很多bash语法也不支持,如果想要支持bash语法,需要设置Tyep=oneshot
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/home/developer/web/gunicorn.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/forever start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
7、[Install]部分是服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户的
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
8、注意
$ systemctl daemon-reload
这时就可以利用systemctl进行配置了
首先,使用systemctl start [服务名(也是文件名)]可测试服务是否可以成功运行,如果不能运行则可以使用systemctl status [服务名(也是文件名)]查看错误信息和其他服务信息,然后根据报错进行修改,直到可以start,如果不放心还可以测试restart和stop命令。
接着,只要使用systemctl enable xxxxx就可以将所编写的服务添加至开机启动即可。
三、实操
1、编写脚本如下,并且保证脚本有可执行权限
[root@aliyun ~]
. /etc/init.d/functions
args=$1
fun(){
[ $? -eq 0 ] && action "Nginx $args is " /bin/true || echo "Nginx $args is " /bin/false
}
case $1 in
start)
netstat -lntup|grep ":8080\b" &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Nginx is runing..."
else
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
fun
fi
;;
stop)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
fun
;;
reload)
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
fun
;;
restart)
netstat -lntup|grep ":8800\b" &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Nginx start is ok" || echo "Nginx start is failed"
else
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "Nginx stop is ok" || echo "Nginx stop is failed"
sleep 2
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
fun
fi
;;
status)
netstat -lntup|grep ":8080\b" &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Nginx is runing ..."
else
echo "Nginx is not runing ..."
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload}"
exit 2
esac
[root@aliyun ~]
2、配置
[root@aliyun ~]
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/root/nginx.sh start
ExecStop=/root/nginx.sh stop
ExecReload=/root/nginx.sh reload
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
3、重新加载
systemctl daemon-reload
4、测试
[root@aliyun ~]
[root@aliyun ~]
● nginx.service - Nginx server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-08-24 00:10:44 CST; 1s ago
Process: 4166 ExecStart=/root/nginx.sh start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4173 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─4173 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
└─4175 nginx: worker process
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun systemd[1]: Starting Nginx server daemon...
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun nginx.sh[4166]: Nginx start is [ OK ]
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun systemd[1]: Started Nginx server daemon.
[root@aliyun ~]
[root@aliyun ~]
● nginx.service - Nginx server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-08-24 00:10:44 CST; 13s ago
Process: 4186 ExecReload=/root/nginx.sh reload (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 4166 ExecStart=/root/nginx.sh start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 4173 (nginx)
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─4173 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
└─4193 nginx: worker process
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun systemd[1]: Starting Nginx server daemon...
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun nginx.sh[4166]: Nginx start is [ OK ]
Aug 24 00:10:44 aliyun systemd[1]: Started Nginx server daemon.
Aug 24 00:10:56 aliyun systemd[1]: Reloading Nginx server daemon.
Aug 24 00:10:56 aliyun nginx.sh[4186]: Nginx reload is [ OK ]
Aug 24 00:10:56 aliyun systemd[1]: Reloaded Nginx server daemon.
[root@aliyun ~]
四、练习
1、把下述脚本sync.sh添加到systemctl
#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
start)
ps -ef|grep [s]ersync &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
action "sersync is running..." /bin/true
else
/usr/local/sersync/bin/sersync -dro /usr/local/sersync/conf/confxml.xml &>/dev/null
[ $? -eq 0 ] && action "sersync start is " /bin/true || action "sersync start is" /bin/false
fi
;;
stop)
ps -ef|grep [s]ersync &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
Pid_num=$(ps -ef|grep [s]ersync|awk '{print $2}')
kill $Pid_num
ps -ef|grep [s]ersync &>/dev/null
[ $? -ne 0 ] && action "sersync stop is" /bin/true || action "sersync stop is" /bin/false
else
action "sersync is not runing ... " /bin/false
fi
esac
2、测试
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start sersync
systemctl stop sersync