Description:
The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.
Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.
Example 1:
Input: 2
Output: [0,1,3,2]
Explanation:
00 - 0
01 - 1
11 - 3
10 - 2
For a given n, a gray code sequence may not be uniquely defined.
For example, [0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence.
00 - 0
10 - 2
11 - 3
01 - 1
Example 2:
Input: 0
Output: [0]
Explanation: We define the gray code sequence to begin with 0.
A gray code sequence of n has size = 2n, which for n = 0 the size is 20 = 1.
Therefore, for n = 0 the gray code sequence is [0].
题意:给定一个非负整数代表二进制的位数,求所有满足其位数长度的格雷码,如图所示,为0-15(二进制长度为4)的格雷码,每相邻的两个格雷码仅有一个位置不相同;
解法:参照wikipadia里面的描述,我们定义如下
- b i b_i bi为非负整数的二进制表示(i=0,1,…)
- g i g_i gi为 b i b_i bi所对应的格雷码表示(i=0,1,…)
- b 0 = g 0 , b i = g i ⨁ b i − 1 b_0=g_0, b_i=g_i \bigoplus b_{i-1} b0=g0,bi=gi⨁bi−1
因此,我们可以得到格雷码(根据二进制编码):
g
0
=
b
0
g
i
=
g
i
⨁
b
i
−
1
⨁
b
i
−
1
=
b
i
⨁
b
i
−
1
g_0=b_0 \\ g_i=g_i \bigoplus b_{i-1} \bigoplus b_{i-1}=b_i \bigoplus b_{i-1}
g0=b0gi=gi⨁bi−1⨁bi−1=bi⨁bi−1
Java
class Solution {
public List<Integer> grayCode(int n) {
List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < (1 << n); i++) {
result.add(i ^ (i >> 1));
}
return result;
}
}