JDBC获取数据库连接的5种方式

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 获取数据库连接
 */
public class ConnectionTest {
    /**
     * 方式1
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnection1() throws SQLException {
        //1.获取Driver类实现对象
        Driver driver = new com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver();
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user", "root");
        info.setProperty("password", "root");
        //2.创建连接
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    /**
     * 方式2,对方式1的迭代,在如下的程序中不出现第三方api,使得程序具有更好的可移植性
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnection2() throws Exception {
        //1.获取Driver类实现对象: 通过反射
        Class c = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) c.newInstance();

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user", "root");
        info.setProperty("password", "root");
        Connection conn = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    /**
     * 方式3 使用DriverManager替换Driver
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnection3() throws Exception {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "root";

        //1.获取driver实现类的对象
        Class c = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) c.newInstance();
        //2.注册驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //3.获取连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    /**
     * 方式4
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnection4() throws Exception {
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "root";
        //其实这里也可以不写,默认是mysql
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //因为在mysql的驱动类中帮我们声明了如下操作
        /* 静态代码块随类加载而执行
        static {
            try {
                DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
            } catch (SQLException var1) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
            }
        }
         */
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }

    /**
     * 方式5
     */
    @Test
    public void testConnection5() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //加载配置文件
        InputStream is = ConnectionTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
        Properties pros = new Properties();
        pros.load(is);
        String name = pros.getProperty("name", "root");
        String password = pros.getProperty("password", "root");
        String url = pros.getProperty("url", "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
        String driverClass = pros.getProperty("driverClass", "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //加载驱动
        Class.forName(driverClass);
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, name, password);
        System.out.println(conn);
    }
}