C++ condition_variable用法

概述

condition_variable类似于信号量机制，实现了线程的等待和唤醒。

函数接口：
wait() :阻塞等待的同时释放锁（原子操作），还可以添加阻塞判断函数，详见代码

notify_all() : 唤醒所有阻塞等待的线程

notify_one(): 唤醒某一个等待的线程

代码

#include<iostream>  
#include<thread>  
#include<mutex>  
#include<condition_variable>  
#include<chrono>
using namespace std;
mutex m;
condition_variable cond;
int LOOP = 10;
int flag = 0;

void fun(int id) {
	for (int i = 0; i < LOOP; i++) {
		unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);	//加锁
		//写法1，while循环比较，多次唤醒时，只要不满足条件就阻塞，if只判断一次会出错
		/*while (id != flag)
			cond.wait(lk);*/

			//写法2，实现原理和上面一样 ，id != flag时会阻塞，唤醒时继续判断，id == flag才会唤醒成功
		cond.wait(lk, [=]() {
			return id == flag;
			});
		cout << (char)('A' + id) << " ";
		flag = (flag + 1) % 3;
		cond.notify_all();
	}
}
int main() {
	thread A(fun, 0);
	thread B(fun, 1);
	thread C(fun, 2);

	A.join();
	B.join();
	C.join();
	cout << endl;
	cout << "main end" << endl;
	return 0;
}

测试结果：

semaphore源码

#pragma once
#include<mutex>
#include<condition_variable>
class semaphore {
public:
	semaphore(long count = 0) :count(count) {}
	void wait() {
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lock(mx);
		cond.wait(lock, [&]() {return count > 0; });
		--count;
	}
	void signal() {
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex>lock(mx);
		++count;
		cond.notify_one();
	}

private:
	std::mutex mx;
	std::condition_variable cond;
	long count;
};