hdu 5446 长春区域赛网络赛1010 Unknown Treasure（lucas定理+中国剩余定理+移位乘法）

题目链接：

hdu 5446

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题目大意：

求出$C_n^m \%M , M = p_1 \cdot p_2 \cdots p_k$

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题目分析：

• 首先对于每个质数$p_i$我们，我们可以利用Lucas定理求出$C_n^m\%p_i$的值，Lucas定理如下:
• $$C_n^m\%p = C_{n/p}^{m/p} \cdot C_{n\%p}^{m\%p} \% p$$
• 然后我们可以利用中国剩余定理求取最后答案：
• $$M = \prod_{i=1}^k p_i , M_i = M/p_i$$
• $$C_n^m\%M = \sum_{i=1}^k C_n^m \% p_i \cdot M_i \cdot inv[M_i]$$
• 因为做乘法可能超long long ，所以我们采取移位乘法，方便取模
  

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AC代码：

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cassert>
using namespace std;

#define debug 0
const int maxn = 101000;
typedef long long ll;

ll A[maxn], inv[maxn];
int res[20];
int p[20];

void gcd(ll a, ll b, ll d, ll& x, ll& y){
    if (!b) { d = a; x = 1; y = 0; }
    else{ gcd(b, a%b, d, y, x); y -= x*(a/b); }
}

int cal(long long n, long long m, int p){
    A[0] = A[1] = 1;
    inv[0] = inv[1] = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= p; i++){
        inv[i] = (long long)(p - p/i) * inv[p % i] % p;
        A[i] = A[i-1] * i % p;
    }
    for (int i = 2; i < p; i++){
        inv[i] = inv[i] * inv[i-1] % p;
    }

    if (debug){
        for (int i = 0; i < p; i++){
            assert(inv[i] * A[i] % p == 1);
            printf("%lld %lld\n", inv[i], A[i]);
        }
    }
    int ret = 1;
    while(n&&m){
        int a = n % p, b = m % p;    
        if (a < b) return 0;
        n /= p, m /= p;
        ret = (long long)ret * A[a] % p * inv[b] % p * inv[a-b] % p;
    }
    return ret;
}
ll mul(ll a, ll b, ll p){
    ll ret = 0;
    for (; a; a>>=1){
        if (a&1){
            ret += b;
            if (ret >= p) ret -= p;
        }
        b <<= 1;
        if (b >= p) b -= p;
    }
    return ret;
}
ll crt(int n, int* a, int *m){
    ll M = 1, d, y, x = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) M *= m[i];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        ll w = M / m[i];
        gcd(m[i], w, d, d, y);
        //x = (x + w*a[i]%M*y) % M;
        int sign;
        if (y < 0) sign = -1;
        else sign = 1;
        x = (x + mul(y*sign, w*a[i]%M, M) * sign) % M;
    }
    return (x + M) % M;
}
int T;
int main()
{
    scanf("%d", &T);
    while(T--){
        ll n, m; int k;
        //scanf("%lld %lld %d", &n, &m, &k);
        scanf("%I64d %I64d %d", &n, &m, &k);
        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++){
            scanf("%d", &p[i]);
            res[i] = cal(n, m, p[i]);
        }
//        for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
//            printf("%d\n", res[i]);
        long long ans = crt(k, res, p);
        printf("%I64d\n", ans);
        //printf("%lld\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}