Java正则-String.matches的坑

Java正则-String.matches的坑

初学时遇到的问题及错误用法

我想用String.matches匹配一行之中是否有特定的子串，结果死活出不来，我也在好多在线正则匹配的网上测试了，我正则表达式写的正确。查询了半天才知道，用String.matches匹配的正则，相当于会在正则表达式前后加上^ $，是匹配整个大字符串是否满足正则表达式，而不会匹配到其中满足条件的子串！这个可能会让初学者产生迷惑。仔细阅读相关的api，能看的相关说明。

//我的想法是以下2种都会成功匹配，其实是错误的
//以下2种的正则"abc"相当于"^abc$",所以结果false
boolean a = "abcd".matches("abc"); //结果为 false
boolean b =Pattern.matches("abc", "abcd"); //结果为 false

匹配子串的正确方法

//而这种方法就能成功匹配出abcd中的abc，想要匹配子串 直接使用一次m.find()即可
Pattern p=Pattern.compile("abc");  
Matcher m=p.matcher("abcd");  
while(m.find()){  //m.find() 为true，再次调用将会寻找下个匹配的子串，没有的话就会返回false，相当于迭代器中的next用法
	System.out.println(m.group());//abc  
}

//或者改写正则表达式 使其匹配整个字符串
boolean a = "abcd".matches(".*abc.*"); //结果为true

分析 java 中的相关源码如下：

    //直接用string进行matches
    public boolean matches(String regex) {
        return Pattern.matches(regex, this);
    }

	//等于间接使用了Pattern.matches
    public static boolean matches(String regex, CharSequence input) {
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
        Matcher m = p.matcher(input);
        return m.matches();
    }

	//等于又间接使用了Matcher.matches，说明的很清楚了 匹配的是（entire region sequence）
    /**
     * Attempts to match the entire region against the pattern.
     *
     * <p> If the match succeeds then more information can be obtained via the
     * <tt>start</tt>, <tt>end</tt>, and <tt>group</tt> methods.  </p>
     *
     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, the entire region sequence
     *          matches this matcher's pattern
     */
    public boolean matches() {
        return match(from, ENDANCHOR);
    }

	//想要匹配子串可以使用
    /**
     * Attempts to find the next subsequence of the input sequence that matches
     * the pattern.
     *
     * <p> This method starts at the beginning of this matcher's region, or, if
     * a previous invocation of the method was successful and the matcher has
     * not since been reset, at the first character not matched by the previous
     * match.
     *
     * <p> If the match succeeds then more information can be obtained via the
     * <tt>start</tt>, <tt>end</tt>, and <tt>group</tt> methods.  </p>
     *
     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, a subsequence of the input
     *          sequence matches this matcher's pattern
     */
    public boolean find() {
    // .....省略源码
    }

参考链接：stackoverflow

最后感谢评论区的指正！