spring data|三分钟spring data JPA 快速入门（1）

环境搭建

<dependencies>
    <!--mysql driver-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>4.3.18.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring data jpa-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.8.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
         <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
         <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
         <version>5.2.12.Final</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

数据源配置

在资源路径下新建bean-jpa.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">


    <!--1.配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_data?useSSL=true"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    </bean>

    <!--2 配置EntityManagerFactory-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.dsdj"/>

        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>

    </bean>

    <!--3 配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!--4 配置支持注解的事务-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <!--5 配置spring data-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.dsdj" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dsdj"/>

</beans>

coding

Employee实体类

package com.dsdj.domain;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Employee {
    /**
     * 主键
     */
    private Integer id;
    /**
     * 姓名
     */
    private String name;
    /**
     * 年龄
     */
    private Integer age;



    @Id
    @GeneratedValue
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(length = 20)
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

repository

package com.dsdj.repository;

import com.dsdj.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;

public interface EmployeeRepository extends Repository<Employee,Integer> {

    public Employee findByName(String name);
}

说明：Repository<Employee,Integer> 中Employee带边实体类型，Integer代表主键类型。

测试类

package com.dsdj.repository;

import com.dsdj.domain.Employee;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {

    private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null;
    @Before
    public void setup(){
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean-jpa.xml");
        employeeRepository = ctx.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
        System.out.println("setup");
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown(){
        ctx = null;
        System.out.println("tearDown");
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindByName(){
        Employee zhangsan = employeeRepository.findByName("zhangsan");
        System.out.println(zhangsan);
    }
}

输出结果

INFO: HHH000232: Schema update complete
setup
Hibernate: 
    select
        employee0_.id as id1_0_,
        employee0_.age as age2_0_,
        employee0_.name as name3_0_ 
    from
        employee employee0_ 
    where
        employee0_.name=?
Employee{id=1, name='zhangsan', age=12}
tearDown

Process finished with exit code 0

我们来回顾刚刚做的事情，发现我们只定义了一个接口的方法，但可以查询出数据，这是因为sprin data底层根据一些命名规则写好了查询的语句。

• 所以Repository中接口声名的方法需要按照一定的规则。

• 可以看到使用spring data开发可以少很多的代码量。也比原来的查询数据库的方法简单很多。