1.导入redis包
pom.xml文件中添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.RedisTemplate
分为StringRedisTemplate和RedisTemplate,主要学习记录后者
在Test类中,使用RedisTemplate保存查询得到的员工信息
@Autowired
EmployeeMapper employeeMapper;
@Autowired
RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
// redis中存放对象
String key = "emp";
Employee empById = employeeMapper.getEmpById(1);
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, empById);
Employee employee = (Employee) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
System.out.println(employee);
}
发生错误,redisTemplate中默认的序列化没有把empById对象转换成功,需要自定义模板对象,修改默认的JdkSerializationRedisSerializer
@Configuration
public class MyRedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> empRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory)
throws UnknownHostException {
RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Employee> serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Employee.class);
template.setDefaultSerializer(serializer);
return template;
}
}
在自定义的Configuration中修改了默认的序列化方法并且指定了需要序列化的自定义类型Employee,Test类中的方法被修改为
@Autowired
RedisTemplate<Object, Employee> empRedisTemplate;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
// redis中存放对象
String key = "emp";
Employee empById = employeeMapper.getEmpById(1);
empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, empById);
Employee employee = empRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
System.out.println(employee);
}
执行成功,控制台打印了一号员工的信息
redis中保存了数据
这里有一个问题,redis的key带上了引号,很费解
还可以在MyRedisConfig中修改需要序列化的自定义对象新增Bean,再注入时,严格指定RedisTemplate中的范型,即可得到不同的结果,否则自动注入会报错
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name ‘com.pc.springbootcache.SpringbootcacheApplicationTests’: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field ‘redisTemplate’; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type ‘org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>’ available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
这个错误是一开始时,我没有删掉最开始的“RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;”导致的,消除这个错误,可以把这个注解删除或者将第一个范型的String改为Object
3.RedisCacheManager
引入redis的starter后spring boot自带cacheManager变成RedisCacheManager,使用的就是RedisTemplate<Object,Object>,使用的是默认的JDK序列化机制。
为方便使用,自定义CacheManager
@Configuration
public class MyRedisConfig {
@Bean
@Primary
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
return RedisCacheManager.create(redisConnectionFactory);
}
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager empCacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
// RedisCacheWriter
RedisCacheWriter redisCacheWriter = RedisCacheWriter.nonLockingRedisCacheWriter(redisConnectionFactory);
// CacheManager的值序列化方式为json序列化
Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Employee> serializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Employee.class);
SerializationPair<Employee> pair = RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(serializer);
RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfig = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
.serializeValuesWith(pair);
// RedisCacheManager
return new RedisCacheManager(redisCacheWriter, defaultCacheConfig);
}
}
值得注意的是,自定义CacheManager指定范型会导致其他非Employee对象使用缓存,能够正常添加缓存,但是取出后再转换至原数据类型时报错,因此,需要将默认的RedisCacheManager写入Configuration中,并将其设置为@Primary。
@Cacheable(cacheNames = "emp",cacheManager = "empCacheManager")
public Employee getEmpById(Integer id) {
System.out.println("查询" + id + "号员工");
Employee employee = employeeMapper.getEmpById(id);
return employee;
}
使用Cacheable注解,将员工查询的缓存管理器(cacheManager)指定为empCacheManager。
同理,还可以自定义其他范型的cacheManager。