9.使用groupby对数据分组和计算组内统计量(不完善)

9.使用groupby对数据分组和计算组内统计量

经常会遇到这样的场景：首先把数据分组，然后处理下组内数据，最后把处理结果组合起来。groupby就可以满足需求。

9.1 分组

只要提供一个分组依据，groupby就可以对数据分组了。

In [1]: df = pd.DataFrame(
   ...:     [
   ...:         ("bird", "Falconiformes", 389.0),
   ...:         ("bird", "Psittaciformes", 24.0),
   ...:         ("mammal", "Carnivora", 80.2),
   ...:         ("mammal", "Primates", np.nan),
   ...:         ("mammal", "Carnivora", 58),
   ...:     ],
   ...:     index=["falcon", "parrot", "lion", "monkey", "leopard"],
   ...:     columns=("class", "order", "max_speed"),
   ...: )
   ...: 

In [2]: df
Out[2]: 
          class           order  max_speed
falcon     bird   Falconiformes      389.0
parrot     bird  Psittaciformes       24.0
lion     mammal       Carnivora       80.2
monkey   mammal        Primates        NaN
leopard  mammal       Carnivora       58.0

# default is axis=0
In [3]: grouped = df.groupby("class")

In [4]: grouped = df.groupby("order", axis="columns")

In [5]: grouped = df.groupby(["class", "order"])

分组依据可以是：

• 函数，会在各个索引值上被调用一次，其返回值就会被用作分组名称
• numpy array
• 字典或Series
• 列名
• 以上类型的混合组成的列表

下例以函数作为分组依据，把列分为元音和辅音2个组。

In [6]: df = pd.DataFrame(
   ...:     {
   
   ...:         "A": ["foo", "bar", "foo", "bar", "foo", "bar", "foo", "foo"],
   ...:         "B": ["one", "one", "two", "three", "two", "two", "one", "three"],
   ...:         "C": np.random.randn(8),
   ...:         "D": np.random.randn(8),
   ...:     }
   ...: )
   ...: 

In [7]: df
Out[7]: 
     A      B         C         D
0  foo    one  0.469112 -0.861849
1  bar    one -0.282863 -2.104569
2  foo    two -1.509059 -0.494929
3  bar  three -1.135632  1.071804
4  foo    two  1.212112  0.721555
5  bar    two -0.173215 -0.706771
6  foo    one  0.119209 -1.039575
7  foo  three -1.044236  0.271860

In [13]: def get_letter_type(letter):
   ....:     if letter.lower() in 'aeiou':
   ....:         return 'vowel'
   ....:     else:
   ....:         return 'consonant'
   ....: 

In [14]: grouped = df.groupby(get_letter_type, axis=1)

9.1.2 多层索引的分组

传入level参数就可以选择分组依据的索引。

In [40]: arrays = [
   ....:     ["bar", "bar", "baz", "baz", "foo", "foo", "qux", "qux"],
   ....:     ["one", "two", "one", "two", "one", "two", "one", "two"],
   ....: ]
   ....: 

In [41