这一篇文章主要介绍下HttpMessageConverter整个注册过程包含自定义的HttpMessageConverter,然后对一些HttpMessageConverter进行具体介绍。
HttpMessageConverter接口介绍:
从HttpInputMessage中读取数据: T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage),前提clazz能够通过canRead(clazz,mediaType)测试。
向HttpOutputMessage中写入数据:void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage),前提能够通过canWrite方法。
简单举例:
如StringHttpMessageConverter,read方法就是根据编码类型将HttpInputMessage中的数据变为字符串。write方法就是根据编码类型将字符串数据写入HttpOutputMessage中。
HttpMessageConverter的使用场景:
它主要是用来转换request的内容到一定的格式,转换输出的内容的到response。
看下自定义的使用方式:
首先还是在对mvc:annotation-driven解析的AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser中,有这么一个方法:
获取所有的HttpMessageConverter,最终设置到RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的private List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters属性上。看下具体的获取过程:
该过程第一步:
解析并获取我们自定义的HttpMessageConverter,
该过程第二步:
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">有一个register-defaults属性,当为true时,仍然注册默认的HttpMessageConverter,当为false则不注册,仅仅使用用户自定义的HttpMessageConverter。
获取完毕,便会将这些HttpMessageConverter设置进RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的messageConverters属性中。
然后就是它的使用过程,HttpMessageConverter主要针对那些不会返回view视图的response:
即含有方法含有@ResponseBody或者返回值为HttpEntity等类型的,它们都会用到HttpMessageConverter。以@ResponseBody举例:
首先先决定由哪个HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler来处理返回值,由于是@ResponseBody所以将会由RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor来处理,然后就是如下的写入:
选取一个合适的content-type,再由这个content-type和返回类型来选取合适的HttpMessageConverter,找到合适的HttpMessageConverter后,便调用它的write方法。
接下来就说一说一些具体的HttpMessageConverter。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter:提供了进一步的抽象,将是否支持相应的MediaType这一共有的功能实现,它的子类只需关心是否支持返回类型。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-StringHttpMessageConverter:如用于处理字符串到response中,这就要涉及编码问题,这一过程在本系列的第四篇文章中做过详细说明,这里跳过。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter:
源码就很清晰明了。它专门负责byte[]类型的转换。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:用于转换Object到json字符串类型。已过时,使用的是http://jackson.codehaus.org中Jackson 1.x的ObjectMapper,取代者为MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。依赖为:
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter:
它所使用的json转换器是http://jackson.codehaus.org中Jackson 2.x的ObjectMapper。
依赖的jar包为有3个,jackson-databind和它的两个依赖jackson-annotations、jackson-core,但是有了jackson-databind的pom文件会去自动下载它的依赖,所以只需增添jackson-databind的pom即可获取上述3个jar包:
接下来便说道:在注册HttpMessageConverter过程中的一些问题:
这段代码是在注册默认的HttpMessageConverter,但是个别HttpMessageConverter也是有条件的。即相应的jar包存在,才会去注册它。如MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,if (jackson2Present) {
messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class, source));当jackson2Present为true时才会注册。而jackson2Present的值如下:
也就是当com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper和com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator存在在classpath中才会去加载MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
同理,MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter的判断如下:
HttpMessageConverter接口介绍:
- public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
- /**
- * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
- * @param clazz the class to test for readability
- * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified.
- * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header.
- * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise
- */
- boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
- /**
- * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
- * @param clazz the class to test for writability
- * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified.
- * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header.
- * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise
- */
- boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);
- /**
- * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
- * @return the list of supported media types
- */
- List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
- /**
- * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it.
- * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the
- * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
- * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from
- * @return the converted object
- * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
- * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors
- */
- T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
- /**
- * Write an given object to the given output message.
- * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been
- * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}.
- * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the
- * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have
- * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have
- * returned {@code true}.
- * @param outputMessage the message to write to
- * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors
- * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors
- */
- void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
- }
从HttpInputMessage中读取数据: T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage),前提clazz能够通过canRead(clazz,mediaType)测试。
向HttpOutputMessage中写入数据:void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage),前提能够通过canWrite方法。
简单举例:
如StringHttpMessageConverter,read方法就是根据编码类型将HttpInputMessage中的数据变为字符串。write方法就是根据编码类型将字符串数据写入HttpOutputMessage中。
HttpMessageConverter的使用场景:
它主要是用来转换request的内容到一定的格式,转换输出的内容的到response。
看下自定义的使用方式:
- <mvc:annotation-driven>
- <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
- <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
- <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
- </bean>
- </mvc:message-converters>
- </mvc:annotation-driven>
首先还是在对mvc:annotation-driven解析的AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser中,有这么一个方法:
- ManagedList<?> messageConverters = getMessageConverters(element, source, parserContext);
获取所有的HttpMessageConverter,最终设置到RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的private List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters属性上。看下具体的获取过程:
- private ManagedList<?> getMessageConverters(Element element, Object source, ParserContext parserContext) {
- Element convertersElement = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(element, "message-converters");
- ManagedList<? super Object> messageConverters = new ManagedList<Object>();
- if (convertersElement != null) {
- messageConverters.setSource(source);
- for (Element beanElement : DomUtils.getChildElementsByTagName(convertersElement, "bean", "ref")) {
- Object object = parserContext.getDelegate().parsePropertySubElement(beanElement, null);
- messageConverters.add(object);
- }
- }
- if (convertersElement == null || Boolean.valueOf(convertersElement.getAttribute("register-defaults"))) {
- messageConverters.setSource(source);
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- RootBeanDefinition stringConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(StringHttpMessageConverter.class, source);
- stringConverterDef.getPropertyValues().add("writeAcceptCharset", false);
- messageConverters.add(stringConverterDef);
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ResourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(SourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- if (romePresent) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(RssChannelHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- if (jaxb2Present) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- if (jackson2Present) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- else if (jacksonPresent) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(
- org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- }
- return messageConverters;
- }
该过程第一步:
解析并获取我们自定义的HttpMessageConverter,
该过程第二步:
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">有一个register-defaults属性,当为true时,仍然注册默认的HttpMessageConverter,当为false则不注册,仅仅使用用户自定义的HttpMessageConverter。
获取完毕,便会将这些HttpMessageConverter设置进RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的messageConverters属性中。
然后就是它的使用过程,HttpMessageConverter主要针对那些不会返回view视图的response:
即含有方法含有@ResponseBody或者返回值为HttpEntity等类型的,它们都会用到HttpMessageConverter。以@ResponseBody举例:
首先先决定由哪个HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler来处理返回值,由于是@ResponseBody所以将会由RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor来处理,然后就是如下的写入:
- protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(T returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
- ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
- throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
- Class<?> returnValueClass = returnValue.getClass();
- HttpServletRequest servletRequest = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
- List<MediaType> requestedMediaTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(servletRequest);
- List<MediaType> producibleMediaTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(servletRequest, returnValueClass);
- Set<MediaType> compatibleMediaTypes = new LinkedHashSet<MediaType>();
- for (MediaType requestedType : requestedMediaTypes) {
- for (MediaType producibleType : producibleMediaTypes) {
- if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
- compatibleMediaTypes.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
- }
- }
- }
- if (compatibleMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {
- throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleMediaTypes);
- }
- List<MediaType> mediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>(compatibleMediaTypes);
- MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypes);
- MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
- for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypes) {
- if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
- selectedMediaType = mediaType;
- break;
- }
- else if (mediaType.equals(MediaType.ALL) || mediaType.equals(MEDIA_TYPE_APPLICATION)) {
- selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (selectedMediaType != null) {
- selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
- for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {
- if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueClass, selectedMediaType)) {
- ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) messageConverter).write(returnValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
- if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
- logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + selectedMediaType + "\" using [" +
- messageConverter + "]");
- }
- return;
- }
- }
- }
- throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
- }
选取一个合适的content-type,再由这个content-type和返回类型来选取合适的HttpMessageConverter,找到合适的HttpMessageConverter后,便调用它的write方法。
接下来就说一说一些具体的HttpMessageConverter。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter:提供了进一步的抽象,将是否支持相应的MediaType这一共有的功能实现,它的子类只需关心是否支持返回类型。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-StringHttpMessageConverter:如用于处理字符串到response中,这就要涉及编码问题,这一过程在本系列的第四篇文章中做过详细说明,这里跳过。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter:
- public class ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter extends AbstractHttpMessageConverter<byte[]> {
- /** Creates a new instance of the {@code ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter}. */
- public ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter() {
- super(new MediaType("application", "octet-stream"), MediaType.ALL);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
- return byte[].class.equals(clazz);
- }
- @Override
- public byte[] readInternal(Class<? extends byte[]> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {
- long contentLength = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentLength();
- ByteArrayOutputStream bos =
- new ByteArrayOutputStream(contentLength >= 0 ? (int) contentLength : StreamUtils.BUFFER_SIZE);
- StreamUtils.copy(inputMessage.getBody(), bos);
- return bos.toByteArray();
- }
- @Override
- protected Long getContentLength(byte[] bytes, MediaType contentType) {
- return (long) bytes.length;
- }
- @Override
- protected void writeInternal(byte[] bytes, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException {
- StreamUtils.copy(bytes, outputMessage.getBody());
- }
- }
源码就很清晰明了。它专门负责byte[]类型的转换。
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:用于转换Object到json字符串类型。已过时,使用的是http://jackson.codehaus.org中Jackson 1.x的ObjectMapper,取代者为MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。依赖为:
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
- <version>1.9.11</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
- <version>1.9.11</version>
- </dependency>
AbstractHttpMessageConverter子类-MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter:
它所使用的json转换器是http://jackson.codehaus.org中Jackson 2.x的ObjectMapper。
依赖的jar包为有3个,jackson-databind和它的两个依赖jackson-annotations、jackson-core,但是有了jackson-databind的pom文件会去自动下载它的依赖,所以只需增添jackson-databind的pom即可获取上述3个jar包:
- <dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
- <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
- <version>2.4.2</version>
- </dependency>
接下来便说道:在注册HttpMessageConverter过程中的一些问题:
- if (convertersElement == null || Boolean.valueOf(convertersElement.getAttribute("register-defaults"))) {
- messageConverters.setSource(source);
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- RootBeanDefinition stringConverterDef = createConverterDefinition(StringHttpMessageConverter.class, source);
- stringConverterDef.getPropertyValues().add("writeAcceptCharset", false);
- messageConverters.add(stringConverterDef);
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(ResourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(SourceHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- if (romePresent) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(RssChannelHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- if (jaxb2Present) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- if (jackson2Present) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- else if (jacksonPresent) {
- messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(
- org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter.class, source));
- }
- }
这段代码是在注册默认的HttpMessageConverter,但是个别HttpMessageConverter也是有条件的。即相应的jar包存在,才会去注册它。如MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter,if (jackson2Present) {
messageConverters.add(createConverterDefinition(MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class, source));当jackson2Present为true时才会注册。而jackson2Present的值如下:
- private static final boolean jackson2Present =
- ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader()) &&
- ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader());
也就是当com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper和com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator存在在classpath中才会去加载MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
同理,MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter的判断如下:
- private static final boolean jacksonPresent =
- ClassUtils.isPresent("org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader()) &&
- ClassUtils.isPresent("org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator", AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser.class.getClassLoader());
所以当我们程序没法转换json时,你就需要考虑是否已经把MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter或者MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter的依赖加进来了,官方推荐使用MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/z69183787/article/details/52817067