Servlet-生命周期

一、Servlet的生命周期

• 初始化（Servlet只加载一次，单例）
• 执行
• 销毁

二、测试项目
（1）实现Servlet接口

public class MyServlet implements Servlet {

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("Servlet init()");
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Servlet service()");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Servlet destroy()");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }
}

（2）编写web.xml文件，配置Servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wsh.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

（3）配置Tomcat中的项目上下文路径

（4）运行

注：Servlet的初始化是该Servlet第一次被调用时。

三、配置Servlet在启动Tomcat时进行初始化

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.wsh.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--load-on-startup的值大于等于0时，Servlet在Tomcat启动时初始化-->
        <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/test</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>