替换字符串中空格

实现一个函数，把字符串中的每个空格替换成”20%”

如：输入”i love you baby”,输出：”i20%love%20you%20baby”
时间复杂度为o(n)解法，先遍历一遍数组计算出空格数量，由于替换一个空格需要多增加2个字节，所以替换后增加字节数应该为:n=2*sum(space);然后使用两个指针分别指向原来字符串的末尾和替换后新字符串的末尾。

移动p1，把字符逐个复制到p2位置，直到遇到空格，然后p1像前移动一格，p2拷贝”%20”.一次从复，直到p2等于p1表明所有空格均替换完。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void ReplaceSpace(char* str, int length){
    int numOfSpace = 0;
    int i=0,orignalOfLength = 0;
    if (str == NULL || length <= 0)
        return ;
    while(str[i] != '\0'){
        if (str[i] == ' ')
            ++numOfSpace;
        ++i;
        ++orignalOfLength;
    }
    int newLength = orignalOfLength + numOfSpace * 2;
    if (newLength > length)
         return ;
    int indexOfOrignal = orignalOfLength;
    int indexOfnew = newLength;
    while(indexOfOrignal >= 0 && indexOfnew > indexOfOrignal){
        if(str[indexOfOrignal] == ' '){
            str[indexOfnew--] = '0';
            str[indexOfnew--] = '2';
            str[indexOfnew--] = '%';
         }
         else
             str[indexOfnew--] = str[indexOfOrignal];
        indexOfOrignal--;
     }
}
int main()
{
    char str[]="i love you";
    ReplaceSpace(str,16);
    cout<<str<<endl;
    return 0;
}

// 《剑指Offer——名企面试官精讲典型编程题》代码
// 著作权归原书作者所有，这里只是贴出来学习学习。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

/*length 为字符数组string的总容量*/
void ReplaceBlank(char string[], int length)
{
    if(string == NULL && length <= 0)
        return;

    /*originalLength 为字符串string的实际长度*/
    int originalLength = 0;
    int numberOfBlank = 0;
    int i = 0;
    while(string[i] != '\0')
    {
        ++ originalLength;

        if(string[i] == ' ')
            ++ numberOfBlank;

        ++ i;
    }

    /*newLength 为把空格替换成'%20'之后的长度*/
    int newLength = originalLength + numberOfBlank * 2;
    if(newLength > length)
        return;

    int indexOfOriginal = originalLength;
    int indexOfNew = newLength;
    while(indexOfOriginal >= 0 && indexOfNew > indexOfOriginal)
    {
        if(string[indexOfOriginal] == ' ')
        {
            string[indexOfNew --] = '0';
            string[indexOfNew --] = '2';
            string[indexOfNew --] = '%';
        }
        else
        {
            string[indexOfNew --] = string[indexOfOriginal];
        }

        -- indexOfOriginal;
    }
}

void Test(char* testName, char string[], int length, char expected[])
{
    if(testName != NULL)
        printf("%s begins: ", testName);

    ReplaceBlank(string, length);

    if(expected == NULL && string == NULL)
        printf("passed.\n");
    else if(expected == NULL && string != NULL)
        printf("failed.\n");
    else if(strcmp(string, expected) == 0)
        printf("passed.\n");
    else
        printf("failed.\n");
}

// 空格在句子中间
void Test1()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "hello world";
    Test("Test1", string, length, "hello%20world");
}

// 空格在句子开头
void Test2()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = " helloworld";
    Test("Test2", string, length, "%20helloworld");
}

// 空格在句子末尾
void Test3()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "helloworld ";
    Test("Test3", string, length, "helloworld%20");
}

// 连续有两个空格
void Test4()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "hello  world";
    Test("Test4", string, length, "hello%20%20world");
}

// 传入NULL
void Test5()
{
    Test("Test5", NULL, 0, NULL);
}

// 传入内容为空的字符串
void Test6()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "";
    Test("Test6", string, length, "");
}

//传入内容为一个空格的字符串
void Test7()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = " ";
    Test("Test7", string, length, "%20");
}

// 传入的字符串没有空格
void Test8()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "helloworld";
    Test("Test8", string, length, "helloworld");
}

// 传入的字符串全是空格
void Test9()
{
    const int length = 100;

    char string[length] = "   ";
    Test("Test9", string, length, "%20%20%20");
}

int main()
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();
    Test6();
    Test7();
    Test8();
    Test9();
    return 0;
}