Servlet属性、监听者和会话

黄名富

于 2023-09-04 22:58:05 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： servlet

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_25308331/article/details/132679419

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本文介绍了Servlet的初始化过程，包括servlet和上下文的初始化参数，以及各种监听器在Web应用中的角色，如会话管理和cookie使用。还讨论了会话的生命周期管理，包括超时、删除和在分布式环境中的迁移。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

没有servlet能单独存在。在当前的现代Web应用中，许多组件都是在一起协作共同完成一个目标。怎么让这些组件共享信息？如何隐藏信息？怎样让信息做到线程安全？

1 属性和监听者

1.1 初始化

容器初始化一个servlet时，会为这个servlet建一个唯一的ServletConfig。容器从web.xml 配置文件中“读出”servlet初始化参数，并把这些参数交给ServletConfig。然后把ServletConfig传递给servlet的init()方法。

一旦参数置于ServletConfig中，就不会再读了，除非重写部署了servlet。

1.1.1 上下文初始化参数

上下文初始化参数与servlet初始化参数很类似，只不过上下文参数对整个Web应用可用，而不只针对一个servlet。

public class InitServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletConfig servletConfig = getServletConfig();
        String servletName = servletConfig.getInitParameter("servletName");
        ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
        String contextName = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextName");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("gbk");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("servlet初始化参数:" + servletName);
        writer.println("上下文初始化参数:" + contextName);
        writer.close();
    }
}

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
         version="2.4">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>initServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.InitServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>servletName</param-name>
            <param-value>initServlet</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextName</param-name>
        <param-value>day01</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>initServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/init</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml

1.2 监听者

接口	使用场景
ServletContextAttributeListener	监听Web应用上下文中是否增加、删除或替换了一个属性。
HttpSessionListener	监听会话的创建。
ServletRequestListener	用户请求监听。
ServletRequestAttributeListener	监听请求增加、删除或替换属性。
HttpSessionBindingListener	属性类对象在绑定到一个会话或从会话删除时触发给属性类对象。
HttpSessionAttributeListener	监听会话增加、删除或替换属性。
ServletContextListener	监听Web应用上下文创建或销毁。
HttpSessionActivationListener	监听会话迁移到另一个JVM。

表 servlet常见的8种监听者

public class MyAtt implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
    @Override
    public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("myAtt 添加到:" + event.getSession());
    }

    @Override
    public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("myAtt 移除");
    }
}

public class MyHttpSessionAttributeListener implements HttpSessionAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("添加session属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("删除session属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
        System.out.println("替换属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

}

public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    @Override
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        System.out.println("有个会话被创建了:" + event.getSession());
    }

    @Override
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) {
        System.out.println("有个会话被销毁了:" + event.getSession());
    }
}

public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("添加上下文属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("删除上下文属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("替换上下文属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }
}

public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {

    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
        System.out.println("上下文创建：" + event.getServletContext());
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
        System.out.println("上下文销毁:" + event.getServletContext());
    }

}

public class MyServletRequestAttributeListener implements ServletRequestAttributeListener {

    @Override
    public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("添加请求属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("删除请求属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }

    @Override
    public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("替换请求属性：" + event.getName() + ",其值为:" + event.getValue());
    }
}

public class MyServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener {
    @Override
    public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("请求被销毁:" + event.getServletRequest());
    }

    @Override
    public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("请求初始化:" + event.getServletRequest());
    }
}

监听者

public class ListenerServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setAttribute("reqAtt","hello req");
        req.getSession().setAttribute("sessionAtt", "hello session");
        req.getSession().setAttribute("binding",new MyAtt());
        getServletContext().setAttribute("contextAtt", "hello context");
    }
}

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
         version="2.4">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>listenerServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.ListenerServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>listenerServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/listener</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyHttpSessionAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyServletRequestAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.MyServletRequestListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>

web.xml